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The influence of modification by pre- and post-treatment of active carbons with ammonia on adsorption abilities from liquid and gas phases has been tested. Carbon materials with different surface chemistry were obtained by chemical activation of Polish brown and subbituminous coal. The products were microporous active carbon samples of well developed surface area (SBET from 1579 to 2,922 m²/g), containing from 0.3 to 7.4 wt% of nitrogen. The results obtained in our study have, moreover, proven that a suitable choice of the modification procedure for coals can produce activated carbons with high capacity of iodine adsorption (to 2,100 mg/g) and high nitrogen dioxide adsorption ability, reaching to 55.1 mg NO₂/g.
Growing pressure to improve the performance of IC engines has resulted in development of improved control systems. These requirements, combined with the introduction of control algorithms that could only be simulated experimentally were the foundations of control-oriented modelling techniques. The paper presents the assumptions and requirements toward control oriented models and a model of an idling SI engine. Some results of identification and verification tests of the model are presented for the 1.5 GLI engine. On the basis of the engine model, the simulation of sensor failures had been carried out.
The present study aimed to evaluate microbiological pollution of air with microorganisms belonging to different taxonomic and physiological groups, and to examine whether the effect of the municipal landfill site in Krzyż changes at various study sites located: in so called "zero zone" (operating landfill), at different distances from the landfill and in Tarnów. Municipal landfill site for the city of Tarnów is located in north-eastern part of the city, in Krzyż district, on the ground gently-sloping towards South-East. The present microbiological studies showed wide differences in numbers of bacteria, ranging from 5 x 101 to 439 x 104 colony-forming units (e.f.u.) per 1 m1 of air. Abundance of bacteria was the highest in summer, i.e. in July, August and September (maximum of 7.44 x 101 e.f.u, in August), and at the sites No. 5 and 2 (maximum of 10.46 x 104 e.f.u. at site No. 5).
The paper examines the influence of industrial emissions SO2 and NO2 on the anatomical structure of the annual shoot stems of Salix alba L. in conditions of steppe zone of Ukraine. It reveals high stability of histological characteristics of the studied type to phytotoxic pollutants, which was proved by thickening of almost all anatomical stem parameters. It was ascertained the toxic gases chronic effect results in increasing the thickness of the stem cortex in the research object through the increase of the primary cortex where collenchyme and parenchyma grow thicker, and through thickening the secondary cortex as hard bast indices rise. The study proved that toxic gases do not affect the wood radius and pith diameter, though the biggest trachea diameter increases significantly. It has shown the thickening of both primary cortex and secondary bast which contribute to the change of that the diameter of annual shoot stems of S. alba in conditions of technogenesis. The high adaptive capacity of anatomical indicators of this his plant species stem to industrial pollution has been demonstrated, and therefore it was suggested that S. alba can be used for planting the areas subject to chronic actions SO2 and NO2.
The paper examines the influence of industrial emissions of sulphur (IV) and nitrogen (IV) oxides on the percentage of stem anatomical characteristics of the autochthonous woody plant species undergrowth of Acer platanoides L. and Fraxinus excelsior L. in the southern industrial zone of the city of Dnipro (Ukraine). It is ascertained, that the ratio of the primary cortex share to the central cylinder share does not change in the stems of annual shoots of the both studied woody plant species when they are exposed to the influence of the toxic gases. However, there are significant changes in the ratio of shares of histological elements in the undergrowth stems of F. excelsior. The use of both absolute and relevant values of anatomic parameters of the plant vegetative organs is needed to analyse the woody plants resistance to technogenic pollution of the environment.
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