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The following toxic compounds were administered to the biotest with the application of the protozoan Spirostomum ambiguum as the test object: sodium cyanide, isopropylic methanophosphoric acid ester fluoride (sarin) and phosphoric acid 0-ethylo n-dimethyloamid ester cyanide (tabun). For the purpose of the LCS0 calculations, i.e. the concentrations of the sodium cyanide, sarin and tabun causing death in 50% of the tested Spirostomum ambiguum after an established period of test time, the Münch Reed method as well as as the B-splines, cubic splines and the Bezier curves were used. Calculations have also been made with regard to the average LCS0 concentrations of the analyzed compounds, the standard deviations and confidence intervals. The behavior of Spirostomum ambiguum was observed, establishing the time of death of two organisms. The measurement was carried out 21 times for each concentration and compound in three measuring cycles. On the basis of the data base from the biotest, the following have been proposed: the established LCso values, standard deviations and confidence intervals, the identification of an unknown toxic compound existing in water and determining the concentration of this compound. It has been concluded that Spirostomum ambiguum satisfies the requirements imposed on test animals for the purpose of bioanalysis of sodium cyanide, sarin and tabun.
Pretreatment and analysis of urea and uric acid in body fluids and those of newly identified toxic compounds in dental material are described. Urea is a major uremic toxin. The accumulation of urea in blood may promote serious uremia syndrome if not regularly removed. Thus, an accurate analysis of blood urea is required for precise diagnosis. There have not been reported so far for differential analysis of free blood urea from bound urea as well as urea from endogenous ammonium. The author found the simplest differential method of urea and endogenous ammonium analysis in blood using a strong cation exchange resin column. For pretreatment of blood urea, solid phase extraction and dialysis were compared. The solid phase extraction method was found to be superior to dialysis in terms of recovery rate. Separation efficiency and reproducibility of blood urea determination using HPLC and MECC were also compared. Identification of newly toxic compounds in dental material, was carried out by LC-MS-MS and determination to saliva was by HPLC combined with SPE.
The dynamics of the biochemical parameters of the external mucus of carp Cyprinus carpio L. exposed to 1 μM concentrations of heavy metal salts (CuSO₄·5H₂O Pb(NO₃)₂ and ZnSO₄·7H₂O) were studied. The biochemical parameters of external mucus (specific weight, pH, total protein, hemoglobin, ketones) were measured during exposure at 1, 3, 6, 24 h and regularly during a 21-day post-exposure period. Significant changes in hemoglobin and total protein concentrations were determined during the period of exposure to heavy metals and after it. Correlations of changes in biochemical parameters of mucus with the intensity of some parameters of sun activity and radio radiation flow were found during the post-exposure period. It was concluded that it is necessary to assess the possible complex effects of various origin and the magnitude of environmental factors on fish.
Na podstawie piśmiennictwa omówiono narażenia na obecne w diecie poli- chlorowane dibenzo-p-dioksyny, związków o potwierdzonym toksycznym działaniu w stosunku do organizmów żywych.
This paper proposes a method to demonstrate that 123789 Dibenzodioxine and 2378 Dibenzofurane enhance membrane permeability to the ions in mitochondria from rat liver. The procedure can be employed: i) as a general method to assess the enhancement of membrane permeability by toxic compounds, ii) to study the decrease in conductivity of carrier-systems induced by inhibitors of transport, and iii) to study the behaviour of ion-carrier systems which are potentially dependent on biological membranes.
Sewage sludge is formed during mechanical, biological and chemical sewage treatment. Composition of the sewage sludge is very complicated; it is rich in micro- and macroelements, but the sludge can contain toxic compounds and pathogenic organisms. There exist a large variety of methods of neutralization of the sewage sludge. In the present work, the sewage sludge treatment methods are described, the special attention to non-industrial methods of neutralization of the sewage sludge.
The objective of the present study was to determine concentration levels of p,p′-DDT and its metabolites (p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDD) as well as γ-HCH and PCBs in bottom sediments, zebra mussel and in 3 more important fish species.
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