The paper presents the partial results of the multidisciplinary project assessing the ratio of biologically vital areas (RBVA) as an indicator in spatial planning of the housing estates in Poland. The article focuses on air temperature differences between the 18 housing estates characterized by different RBVA, different surrounding, the age of buildings, arrangement etc. The automatic measurements of the air temperature in each of estate were conducted from autumn 2008 to July 2010. They indicate that the warmest housing estates are those of the smallest participation of green areas (less than 20%), situated in the city centre but also those of RBVA c. 40%. The coldest are the estates of peripheral location but also those with higher participation of biologically vital area (up to 60%). The thermal differences between them reach 9.6°C in summer and 5.5°C in winter. The results point out the RBVA threshold of c. 45% above which the function of the natural environment in the city is not completely changed.
Ambient temperature within cities is usually higher than outside their boundaries. In literature this phenomenon is called a “heat island”. Such an island is not a homogenous area, but consists of many varied surfaces. The author discuss this problem using Poznań as an example.
The primary objective of the study was to recapitulate the results of current climatic research which have been carried out since 1990 by the Department of Climatology of Adam Mickiewicz University in the area of Słowiński National Park. The main result is a synthetic topoclimatic map of the entire Słowiński National Park. The spatial scopes of individual types of topoclimate were distinguished using the method proposed by Paszyński (1999). Pursuant to this method, the topoclimatic classification - and subsequently topoclimatic charting - was performed on the basis of an analysis of the exchange of energy between the atmosphere and the subsequent active surface. Furthermore, the thermal features and humidity of the selected types of the topoclimate were described. Additionally, bioclimatic conditions in different ecosystems were characterized. Supplementary research concerned the soil temperature, namely its daily course and its correlation with the solar radiation and the air temperature. Logarithmic models for the relationship between the global solar radiation and the soil surface temperature and between the soil surface temperature and the air temperature were constructed. Daily course of the wind speed and direction over chosen active surfaces close to the sea shore on the Łeba Sandbar were also analysed and it was found, that the breeze circulation is in general very weak in the area of sea-shore in Słowiński National Park.