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Effects of thiram on parental and reproductive parameters and postnatal development of offspring were studied in three - generation test in rats. The study was carried out following OECD guideline 416 (OECD, 1987). No treatment - related changes were observed in any of the parameters tested e.g. mating index, fertility index, duration of gestation, lactation index, mean number of living offspring per litter, sex ratio and viability indices on days 0, 4, 12 and 21 of F1, F2, F3 pups delivered as compared with the control group could be detected in test groups 25 and 100 ppm. No effects of thiram on later development (post - weaning) of Flb, F2b pups (selected for mating) as measured by body weight, food consumption, mortality in these both groups were found. In the highest dose group (400 ppm) living offspring per litter and birth weights of F1, F2, F3 were significantly decreased. In this group viability indices on days 12 and 21 were found significently reduced.
Effects of thiram on the process of disturbances of development in consequence of transplacentar exposure were studied in rats. Analysis was performed in descendants born by females exposed to thiram (orally by gavage) for the first time pregnancy and born by females from third generation exposed to the fungicide (multigeneration exposure by food with thiram). In the conditions of two experiments no defects of development were found, only at highest doses embriotoxic effect of the examined compound was observed.
Badanie oddziaływania tiuramu na ośrodkowy układ nerwowy prowadzono na potomstwie trzech pokoleń szczurów w okresie od 1 do 25 dnia życia postnatalnego. Ocenę neurotoksycznego efektu oparto o badania różnych form zachowania oraz oznaczania parametrów neurochemicznych (adrenalina, noradrenalina, dopomina, ceruloplazmina). Dane doświadczalne wskazują, że tiuram w stężeniu 400 mg/kg w paszy podawany szczurom w teście 3-generacji wywołuje zaburzenia funkcjonalne ośrodkowego układu nerwowego u potomstwa badanych pokoleń F1a, F2a oraz, że odchyleniom różnych form behawioru towarzyszą zmiany poziomu neurotransmiterów w tkance mózgowej.
Zanikanie 3H witaminy D3 w surowicy krwi badano na szczurach samcach szczepu Wistar narażonych na działanie tiuramu przez 2 tygodnie. W oparciu o otwarty model dwukompartmentowy wyznaczono podstawowe parametry farmakokinetyczne, tj. biologiczny okres póltrwania – t0,5, stałe szybkości dystrybucji (k12 i k21) oraz stalą eliminacji (k13).
Carbaryl, propoksur, and thiuram were administered for 14 days, by a stomach tube, at dosing level corresponding to 5% LD50 , to male Wistar rats four weeks old and fed a diet enriched with vitamin B6 (200 µg/day). Active and passive leucine transport in rat intestine was studies using liquid scintillation method according to Patrick and Papworth, modified by the authors. No disorder of leucine transport was observed in animals exposed to carbaryl and propoksur, and fed a diet enriched with vitamin B6. No disturbances were also noted in subject exposed to thiuram, except that Jm constans was increased by about 170% when compared with the control, and the affinity was decreased (rise of Kt constant by 320%). However, it seems that the diet enriched with vitamin B6, may protect amino acids homeostasis in animals exposed to some xenobiotics.
W badaniu jednorazowym i wielokrotnym wykazano zmiany w transporcie i kumulacji fosforu w jelicie oraz w jego wydalaniu z moczem w wyniku narażenia na karbaryl, propoksur i tiuram.
A laboratory experiment was performed on three winter wheat cultivars: Legenda, Sukces and Zyta. Seeds were treated with Maxim 025 FS (fludioxonil), Vitavax 2000 FS (carboxin and thiram) and Zaprawa zbożowa Orius 060 FS (tebuconazole). Treated seeds were incubated for 14 days on Petri dishes in temperature 20°C. The following parameters were evaluated: length and fresh weight of shoot, length and fresh weight of root and number of primary roots. In most cases no significant differences in evaluated winter wheat growth parameters were stated between seed treatments and untreated object. However, some tendencies concerning applied seed treatments could be observed. After the application of seed treatment containing carboxin and thiram (Vitavax 2000 FS) the shoot length on all cultivars was the highest in comparison to untreated object and other seed treatments. The root length and weight was mostly the lowest. After the application of seed treatment containing fludioxonil (Maxim 025 FS) root length on all cultivars was the highest as compared to the other objects. The root weight was lower than in untreated object. The number of primary roots was mostly the lowest in comparison to untreated object and other seed treatments. After the application of seed treatment containing tebuconazole (Zaprawa zbożowa Orius 060 FS) the root weight and number of primary roots of all cultivars was the highest in comparison to untreated object and other seed treatments. The shoot weight was mostly the highest.
Alimentary rations under test were found to be rich in fat. Fat energy proportional portion exceeded, as a rule, the recommended value by about 30%. At the same time, acidic composition of fat under test was wide of the optimal one. Predominant group was saturated and monounsaturated acids (occurring in similar amounts), however, polyunsaturated acids content amounted to about 11 % of total fatty acids sum. Energy proportional portion from essential fatty acids, in a whole day's rations, was found to be higher than necessary minimum (3%); on the other hand, it did not cover the recommended standard for subjects advanced in years (4%). Value P:S was noted to correspond with an average european diet. Portion of acids with proaggregative properties was higher than hypercholesteremic acids content.
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