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Twenty-four male Wistar rats were selected and divided into three groups (control, test group 1, test group 2). The test group 1 was exposed to EMF (50 Hz, 3 mT) 8 h a day, 6 d per week for 2 months. Test group 2 was exposed to EMF (50 Hz, 3 mT) 8 h a day, 6 d per week for 2 months but received orally 30 mg of vitamin E/d. Rats in the control group neither were exposed to electromagnetic field nor received vitamin E. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed, dissected, and samples from the thymus were taken and processed for light and electron microscopic studies. Forty microscopic fields from each group were randomly selected and studied. The data showed that in the thymus of test group 1, the population of cells in the cortex was decreased but the number of macrophages was increased. EM study showed that cellular nuclei were heterochromatic in comparison to control group. Test group 2 was similar to the control group. These findings indicate that immune system is weakened by electromagnetic field but vitamin E supplementation prevented above alteration.
Localisation of the diaphorase activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH-d), acting as a marker of nitric oxide synthesis (NOS), was studied in the thymus of the rat, mouse and rabbit. The NADPH-d-active cells observed in the rat thymus were irregular in shape with numerous projections and were located on the boundary between the cortex and the medulla. The NADPH-d-active cells in the thymus of the mouse were located predominantly in the medulla. They varied in coloration and their shape was oval, round, or irregular. NADPH-d-positive nerve fibres were located perivascularly. The rabbit thymus displayed a lightly stained cortex, whereas the medulla was seen as a rounded complex of intensively stained cells, without sharp demarcation between them. In the rat thymus, the NADPH-d-positive nerve fibres were not evident, whereas NADPH-d-positive nerve fibres were seen in the perivascular topography of the mouse and the rabbit thymus. These results suggest that NO may participate in the regulation of the thymic function in the species. In summary, the present results reveal the distribution of NADPH-diaphorase-d-positive structures in the rat, mouse and rabbit thymus.
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