The aim of this study was to analyse the applicability of infrared (IR) heaters (400 W, HTS/1 Elstein) to increase peat temperature of water-saturated peat. The experiment was carried out within two schemes. In VARIANT I the heaters were installed perpendicular to the heated surface at a height of 2.3 m, while in VARIANT II the heaters were mounted at a height of 2 m at the edges of the heated surface so that radiation reached the heated surface at an angle of approximately 40-50°. Based on the analyses of night-time means (from 3:00 to 6:00 a.m.) of peat temperatures recorded on manipulated plots under the heaters and the reference temperature, it was found that the application of HTS/1 heaters caused an increase of the mean peat temperature by 1.1°C and 0.5°C for VARIANT I and VARIANT II, respectively. The air temperature 5 cm above the heated surfaces was increased by 0.7°C and by 0.5°C at VARIANT I and II, respectively.
An integrated ecological system model was used to determine the influence on Baltic phytoplankton of the long-term variability in the sea’s main physical parameters. A three-dimensional coupled sea-ice model was developed. A simple ecosystem was added to the sea-ice model and used to estimate phytoplankton variability during long-term changes in the main atmospheric forces. Scenarios similar to those of climate were performed by altering the main physical parameters such as temperature, wind speed, solar and thermal radiation (in different configurations). The influence of the variability in these parameters on phytoplankton is discussed.
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