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In response to high temperature stress, plants express numerous small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) belonging to at least five related gene families. in vitro studies suggest sHSPs act as molecular chaperones to prevent irreversible heat denaturation of other proteins. The diversity of sHSPs in plants is unique among eukaryotes and makes it of interest to understand the origins of these proteins. sHSP-related proteins have now been identified in 13 prokaryotes, and in many of these prokaryotes the sHSPs are heat-regulated as seen higher plants. The prokaryotic sHSPs were analyzed by pairwise and mutliple sequence alignments with each other and with plant sHSPs. The higher plant class I cytosolic sHSPs are shown to be most similar to a subset of the prokaryotic sHSPs, including HSP 16.6 from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis. Genetic studies in this model cyanobacterium may provide insight into sHSP function in vivo, and into potential roles of sHSPs in higher plant cells.
The levels of three endogenous cytokinin equivalents: zeatin (Z), iso-pentenyladenine (iP) and dihydrozeatin (dZ) in two Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh genotypes - wild type (wt) and ethylene-insensitive mutant (eti5), were compared using enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Cytokinin content was measured after exposure to low (4 °C for 24 h in darkness) or high temperature (38 °C for 24 h in darkness). Measurements were performed immediately and 24, 48 and 120 h after treatments. It was found that at normal growth conditions eti5 plants contained more endogenous cytokinins compared to the wild type. At both temperature treatments mutant plants had decreased total cytokinin levels. Wild-type plants treated with high temperature (HT) exhibited reduced total cytokinins (with the exception of rates at 48 h), while low temperature (LT) treatment resulted in elevated total amount of the studied equivalents (except at 24 h). The obtained results suggested that HT had greater effect on cytokinin levels than LT since it caused more profound changes in the total content. We assume that this was due to the natural chilling tolerance of Arabidopsis plants.
The increasing temperature is going to be more vulnerable for cool season crops like potato which requires an optimum productivity temperature of 18 to 20 °C. Thus, breeding for heat tolerance has become very important. Therefore, some previously used indices for abiotic stress tolerance have been used in our study for screening of high temperature stress tolerance in potato. Three high yielding (Kufri jyoti, Kufri megha and Kufri pokraj) and two local (Rangpuria and Badami) commonly grown potato cultivars were selected for our experiment. Potato cultivars were sown under normal condition and two high temperature conditions (polyhouse and early season) and indices such as HSI (heat susceptibility index), HTI (heat tolerance index), GM (geometric mean) and HII (heat intensity index) were used to evaluate the performance of the cultivars under all the three temperature conditions. The positive and significant correlation between HTI (heat tolerance index), and GM (geometric mean) as well as with tuber yield under all the conditions revealed that these indices were efficient in selecting the high temperature tolerant potato cultivars. We recorded the equal applicability of these two indices for both high yielding and local group of potato cultivars. Our study revealed that cultivar Kufri megha and Rangpuria showed higher heat tolerance between high yielding and local cultivars respectively.
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