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Crowded infrapopulations of H. diminuta obtained from the WMS i11 inbred line resembled those of the potentially non-inbred WMS strain in not showing either the abrupt reductions in the numbers of worms or the destrobilation described by other autors. Denser populations of both types of tapeworm have a greather abundance of 4 - testis proglottids of the lp3a type (having 1 testis on the poral side and three on the aporal), and fewer of type 0p3a. Changes in the positioning of genital ducts and pores show a marked positive correlation with the abundance of type 2pla proglottids. Strobilae of H. diminuta WMS i11 contain a relatively greather number of type 0p3a proglottids and fewer of type 1p3a, than those of the WMS „strain"; something which is probably linked with the respective selection of the maternal Tapeworms.
Variable position of genital ducts and pores (PGP) was found in 23.3% of five months old tapeworms obtained as a result of administering to rats a dose of 6 cysticercoids proceeding from the third generation of inbred Hymenolepis diminuta - WMS il1. In tapeworms coming from generations no 18 and 32 PGP changes were reported only in 7.5 month, with only 5.9% of strobilas in the 32 generation group being characterized by this feature. These results indicate a time shift with respect to the appearance of PGP changes in tapeworms proceeding from latter inbred generations to a further period of tapeworm invasion in rats. The number of PGP changes is positively correlated with the number of type 2p1a proglottids (two testes on the poral and one on the aporal side). The average number of type Op3a proglottids increases with the number of generations. In 5-month old tapeworms of unilateral PGP coming from generation no 3, 18 and 32 it amounts to 5.9%, 6.6% and 8.1 %, respectively.
The paper deals with methods facilitating the preparation of oncospheres of the cestode, Hymenolepis diminuta, for experimental studies. Described in detail are procedures for the infection of the definitive hosts with the oncospheres; collection and artificial hatching of oncospheres; purification of hexacanths; preparation of extracts from the hexacanths; and preparation of hexacanths for electronmicroscopic studies.
The studies were carried out in 15 provinces of North-West part of Poland in the years 1994-1997 under a regime of strict laboratory safety regulation. The intestine of 1909 red foxes were examined for the presence of Echinococcus multilocularis according to the method of ECKERT et al (1991). The intestines were divided finto four to six sections and fifteen smears were prepared from each animal under study. Foxes infected with E. multilocularis were detected in 8 provinces. The average prevalence rate in these provinces was 1.20 per cent. Of special interest fis the finding in Słupsk and Gdańsk regions, where 9.6 per cent of foxes were infected-with E. multilocularis. In comparison with some other European endemic regions the prevalence rates of E. multilocularis in Poland was low, except for the Słupsk-Gdańsk area.
The article reviews literature concerning the prevalence of major parasitic invasions in ostriches (Struthio camelus). It describes selected parasites from different systematic groups: protozoa (from genera Eimeria, Isopsora, Cryptosporidium, Balantidium, Entamoeba, Histomonas, Trichomonas), trematodes (Philophtahalmus sp.), tapeworms (Houttuynia struthioni), roundworms (Libyostrongylus spp, Codiostomum struthionis), mallophaga (Sruthiolipeurus spp) and acari (Dermoglyphus pachycnemis, Gabucinia bicaudata).
The investigations focused on tapeworms obtained as a result of the administration to individual rats a dose of 6 cysticercoids coming from the 39th and 40th generation of one-specimen inbred Hymenolepis diminuta - WMS il1. In 7.5-month old tapeworms the position of genital pores (PGP) was exclusively right-hand side with the genital ducts typical of this feature. Type 0p3a proglottids were the most common deviation from the typical number and topography of testes - 1p2a (one testis between the ovary and the genital pore marking the poral side and two testes on the aporal side) - in such tapeworms. Their mean incidence amounted to 8.9%, exceeding by at least 2.9% the mean quantitative value of this feature in tapeworms proceeding from non-inbred H. diminuta „strains" which have been subjected to similar studies. 19.5-month old tapeworms, exactly a year older than the previous ones, all had variable PGP. The number of PGP changes was here correlated positively with the number of type 2p1a proglottids and negatively with the number of type 1p2a and 0p3a proglottids.
In Hymenolepis diminuta WMS "strain" tapeworms which were obtained 25 months after the administration to rats of 2-month old larvae - cysticercoids, isolated from Tribolium destructor, only one-sided position of genital pores (PGP) developed. The extended 7-month duration of the invasion of H. diminuta larvae stimulates the development of variable PGP already in 14.1 % of 2.5-month tapeworms. In tapeworms with exclusively one-sided PGP in the first of the two groups mentioned, the number of type 1p2a proglottids (1 testis on the poral side and 2 testes on the aporal side) as well as type 0p3a, 1p3a and 2p1a amounted to 88.2%, 5.5%, 4.2% and 0.5%, respectively and similary in the second group - 88.3%, 5.6%, 4.5% and 0.6%, respectively. In tapeworms with variable PGP the mean number of the types of proglottids mentioned was diflerent Crom (86.0%, 4.1 %, 3.8% and 4.1%, respectively) the same figure in tapeworms with one-sided PGP. Particularly high correlation was found to occur between the number of PGP variations and type 2p1a proglottids (r= +0.928, P<0.01).
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