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The aim of this paper is to revise the literature dealing with the studies on the value of lucerne used for grazing. The results of recent investigations on lucerne and lucerne- grass pastures are reviewed. There are discussed some issues related to lucerne breeding, especially the tolerance and grazing persistence of lucerne cultivars, suitability of the grasses and other legumes to mixtures with lucerne, grazing systems, forage quality and the incidence of bloat in ruminants. Further research on lucerne-grass mixtures should be focused on breeding of lucerne cultivars tolerant to grazing and not leading to animals' bloats, taking also into account the grazing management systems.
Studies were made in the years 1986-1992 in Jaworki (Small Pieniny Mts.). On four neighbouring pastures young cattle (heifers), Polish Red, were grazed. Two pastures were utilized by rotational system of paddock and the two a free grazing system. Within the frame of given system, pastures were differentiated by the cutting of the residual plants after grazing. The animals were grazed in non stop system and fed only with the green pasture forage. Plant and animal production were recorded and the botanical composition of sward. It was found that the paddock system of grazing improves the quantity and quality of yields. In comparison with the free grazing the differences amounted 0,8-1,2 t/ha DM. Cutting of residual plants caused decreased of plant biomass up to 1,3 t/ha and 0,9 t/ha DM on the pasture, with a free pasture system. However, this decrease has been compensated by the higher feeding value of fodder which at the beginning of studies was classified as good (the number of utilization value - 7,4) whereas at the end was evaluated as very good (respective number of utilization value - 8,2).
In Łężyce near Duszniki /600 m above sea level/ and in Miłków near Karpacz /400 m above sea level/ in the Sudetes, studies on pasture productivity and sheep grazing system were carried out from 1977 to 1984. 1,5 year old merinolincoln and tsygaiokent sheep grazed the pasture fertilized with nitrogen; - 120, 180 and 240 kg of N per ha in the first two pasture seasons and 40 kg of N per ha in the following seasons for each rotation. 22 and more young sheep grazed 1 ha of the pasture /1.6 - 3.1 per ha/. Various ezperimental factors connected with grazing technique were examined. The green chop yield obtained was 40-50 t/ha. It enabled the intake of over 10 kg of green chop a day and per head. Daily weight gain was 60 - 100 g and it was better in merinolincoln than that in tsygaiokent. Slaughter animal production was 200 - 350 kg/ha. Neither disturbances in animals' health nor in the quality of weel were observed. The studies confirmed good aspects of rotational grazing system which can be applied on grazing lands in the Sudetes.
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