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Health risk as a consequence of exposure to trihalomethanes in swimming pool water

100%

Bozym M., Wzorek M., Klosok-Bazan I.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2017

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tom 68

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nr 4

The article presents the formation and toxicity of trihalomethanes (THMs), substances belonging to Disinfection By- Products (DBP), formed as a result of pool water chlorination. Concentration of THMs in pool water has been standardised in Poland since recently. THMs concentration in pool water depends on multiple factors, mostly the method of water disinfection, including chlorine or organic substance (TOC) concentration. Apart from that, the level of exposure of swimmers to the toxic effect of THMs is affected by their content in the air of swimming pool halls, intensity of swimming as well as time of stay in the indoor swimming pool area. The water and air temperature as well as number of swimmers and time of their staying in pool have also significance influence on THMs concentration. In order to decrease the quantity of THMs in pool water, alternative disinfection agents are applied. Additionally, an efficiently operating pool ventilation system as well as proper water treatment method are also important. Because THMs are produced from organic material under the influence of the chlorination, the users can have an impact on decrease of the THMs concentration in pool water, for instance by taking a shower prior to entering the pool or by wearing a swim cap. The results of studies conducted in 2015 showed that the quantity of THMs in pool water depends on type of the pool (indoor, outdoor), water replacement frequency, water treatment system, chlorine dose and TOC content. In most collected samples, the THMs concentration exceeded the admissible norm (100 μg/L).

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Preduprezhdenie deformacijj i avarijj monolitnykh zhelezobetonnykh bassejjnov

100%

Kotljar N., Poshhina N., Likhograjj V.

Motrol. Motoryzacja i Energetyka Rolnictwa

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2014

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tom 16

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nr 6

3

Use of Szczecin‘a swimming pools for the aqua fitness activity in 2012 and 2019

100%

Nadobnik J., Wiazewicz A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2021

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tom 34

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nr 02

4

Presence of virulent strains of amphizoic amoebae in swimming pools of the city of Szczecin

100%

Gornik K., Kuzna-Grygiel W.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2004

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tom 11

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nr 2

The studies included 10 public indoor swimming pools and 3 public open-air swimming pools located in the city of Szczecin. In 2003, water samples were collected for detection of virulent amphizoic amoebae strains. In all pools, 16 strains of thermophilic Acanthamoeba spp. were isolated, 5 of which proved virulent for mice. No pathogenic strains were detected in the water sampled in the indoor swimming pools, and the virulent strains, AD 16, AD 148, AD 166, AM 17, and AM 148, were found only in the open-air swimming pools. The post-mortem studies of mice that had been inoculated with these strains revealed the amoebae invasions in brain, lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen.

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Swimming and bathing in Czechoslovakia until 1938

84%

Tomsova P.

Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe

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2018

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tom 01

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nr 1

Swimming and bathing in Czechoslovakia started to take shape at the beginning of the 19th century. At first, suitable locations in nature were used, with the first swimming baths built later on, primarily on rivers. The first competitive swimming races were held in 1845 on the Vltava River and in 1890, the AC Prague Sports Club founded a swimming department which also in-cluded competitive swimming races. In 1914, the Czech Union of Swimming was founded and in 1919 it was renamed as the Czechoslovak Amateur Swimming Association. The number of swimming pools at this time was very low, the conditions of Czechoslovak swimmers were not ideal, and their results at international swimming competitions suffered as a result.

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Contamination of swimming pools and hot tubs biofilms with Acanthamoeba

84%

Poor B. M., Dalimi A., Ghafarifar F., Khoshzaban F., Abdolalizadeh J.

Acta Parasitologica

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2018

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tom 63

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nr 1

7

Use of solar collectors on the example of a water-park. Part 1: Technical analysis

84%

Tucki K.

Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa

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2016

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tom 16

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nr 1

8

Przydatnośc bakterii grupy Coli jako wskaźnika zanieczyszczenia wody w pływalniach

67%

Haman S.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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1970

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tom 21

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nr 2

9

Isolation and identification of Acanthamoeba spp. from thermal swimming pools and spas in Southern Brazil

67%

Fabres L. F., Santos S. P. R., Benitez L. B., Rott M. B.

Acta Parasitologica

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2016

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tom 61

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nr 2

10

Zastosowanie podloza Chapmana i Baird-Parkera do izolacji gronkowcow z wody basenow kapielowych

59%

Szlachta R., Wasilewska E., Krogulska B.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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1998

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tom 49

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nr 1

87-91

11

Ocena sanitarno- higieniczna wody w plywalniach na terenie miasta Biala Podlaska

59%

Czeczelewski J.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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1994

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tom 45

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nr 4

371-378

Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że wskaźniki fizyko-chemiczne jakości wody różniły się między sobą tylko w nieznacznym stopniu w badanych basenach kąpielowych i nie przekraczały dopuszczalnych norm. Największe różnice zaobserwowano w przypadku stężenia chlorków. Zauważono także, że niskiemu stężeniu wolnego chloru w jednym z basenów odpowiadał wzrost bakteryjnego zanieczyszczenia wody w 18% badanych próbek.

Ograniczanie wyników

Health risk as a consequence of exposure to trihalomethanes in swimming pool water

Preduprezhdenie deformacijj i avarijj monolitnykh zhelezobetonnykh bassejjnov

Use of Szczecin‘a swimming pools for the aqua fitness activity in 2012 and 2019

Presence of virulent strains of amphizoic amoebae in swimming pools of the city of Szczecin

Swimming and bathing in Czechoslovakia until 1938

Contamination of swimming pools and hot tubs biofilms with Acanthamoeba

Use of solar collectors on the example of a water-park. Part 1: Technical analysis

Przydatnośc bakterii grupy Coli jako wskaźnika zanieczyszczenia wody w pływalniach

Isolation and identification of Acanthamoeba spp. from thermal swimming pools and spas in Southern Brazil

Zastosowanie podloza Chapmana i Baird-Parkera do izolacji gronkowcow z wody basenow kapielowych

Ocena sanitarno- higieniczna wody w plywalniach na terenie miasta Biala Podlaska