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How to define bioeconomy?

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. In this paper, a critical analysis of current bioeconomy definitions was undertaken. Having in mind all ways of defining bioeconomy, it is argued that at the core of this concept lies sustainable transformation of renewable biological resources by implementing innovation in products and processes that aim to meet both private and public expectations. The basis of such innovation is knowledge concerning life sciences.
The paper concentrates on the evaluation of the phenomenon of differentiated perception of development in the context of widespread globalisation and integration. The author has shown the modern trends in perceiving the contemporary timeline and developmental approach, as well as the sustainability aspects of the developmental process and different types and features of the developmental ordering. Additionally, the recom- mendations for a model development course have been presented.
The aim of the study was to specify and analyse the actions taken by the German Government in order to enhance the environment protection by reducing the amount of greenhouse gases. The study used secondary data, which included research conducted by the German government facilities concerning the public perception of economic policy in the field of climate protection and the attitude of the society to environmental safety. According to analysis, the German public perceives the safe future for their children (75%) in efforts to protect the climate. The efficiency of the economic activities is also affected by the initiatives instigated by the Government in selected countries.
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Young farmers' sustainability perspective in Hungary

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In the European Union, the proportion of people employed in agriculture is continuously decreasing. In Poland, nearly 15% of the actively employed population work in the sectors of agriculture, forestry and fishery, which is well above the European average of around 5%. This ratio is 5.1% in Hungary. Besides the decrease of the percentage of people employed in agriculture, a low proportion of young farmers can also be observed. In order to ensure alignment with the strategy Europe 2020: smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, the pillar of rural development of the Common Agricultural Policy will be based on six priorities in the fields of agriculture, forestry and food processing. Apart from achieving these goals, young agricultural producers will be performing a prominent role as the engagement of young people in the agrarian sector is indispensable for the future of the sector. In my study, I examined the various reasons why young agricultural producers had started agricultural activities, and to what extent they consider it their key task to make agriculture sustainable and to protect the land and their environment.
Nigeria has greater challenges when it comes to water development and management. The current water resources development and supply status is unacceptably low and needs a major transformation. With the rapid growth in population, urbanization, industrialization and competition for economic development, water resource has become vulnerable to depletion and degradation. Management of this valuable resource is determined by its acceptability and utilization in terms of quantity and quality. Due to imbalance between demand and availability, management approaches are facing various ethical dilemas. This paper therefore considers the water supply and sanitation situation in the country and the challenges facing the sector. The paper calls for institutional reforms and review of policy targets, define key elements for the development of action and investment plans as well as provide some guidelines in order to minimize duplication and maximize effectiveness. The paper also suggested strategies and viable framework/agenda for sustainable water supply and emphasizes that the machinery of water resources development and management needs an urgent overhauling with the aim of streamlining the overlapping functions of the various agencies that have operated the system up till now. More importantly, the paper suggested integrated approaches/strategies for sustainable management as well as offers relevant policy recommendations for water resources management in Nigeria.
In the paper the situation on Ukrainian and Polish milk marketwere presented and its influence on level of dairy industry competetinvness. The Authors stated that the minimum of heard have to have the 15 cows.
Support and subsidies are aimed both at improving competitiveness and sustainability. However, in order to keep its competitiveness, the agricultural sector has to conform to ever stricter measures on environmental protection. The main aim is not to increase production at all costs; instead, the task is to create and run a sector that is multi-functional, sustainable and competitive. Producing plants for biofuel and organic production have been promising trends; however, largely due to plants grown as energy resources, there is a shortage of food, prices are increasing sharply, and experts and politicians in developing countries are warning that a severe food crisis is imminent. Organic production is a potential solution for small farms that are being left behind in the fierce competition. There is no danger of overproduction, less burden on the environment, and new possibilities on the market. Generally speaking, high competitiveness is related to relatively high incomes and high employment rates, which are not characteristic of the agricultural sector in Hungary. Nevertheless, agriculture could become a very competitive and efficient sector with a positive influence on environment protection and rural employment.
One of the most interesting though little-known water ecosystems of Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Lakeland is its small water bodies – ponds and wetland reservoirs. Three ponds and three wetland reservoirs were studied in 2008 and then again in 2012 and 2013 to examine their rotifer assemblages. While watching the changes occurring in the plankton during periods of 4 and 5 years, we were trying to find out which of the reservoirs were inhabited by more sustainable rotifer assemblages and which ecological qualities were more closely related to such sustainability. The results of the studies revealed different, though insignificant, variability in the ecological properties of planktonic rotifer assemblages, particularly in the ponds, as well as they suggested some relationship between the sustainability of planktonic assemblages and their species diversity.
Contemporarily, agriculture is facing many challenges connected with growing food demand and scarcity of natural resources. In meeting these challenges innovation has become of crucial importance. The paper aims at providing an insight on the topic of the needs and possibilities of open innovation and its significance for the transition towards sustainable and more productive agriculture of EU. We argue that given the complexity of innovation process there emerges the need for effective interactions between all actors of agriculture sector. We conclude that new instrument of EU policy: European Innovation Partnership, which promotes open innovation approach should facilitate emergence of networks of collaboration in agriculture. Such an approach will stimulate innovation processes and will help to give better responses to contemporary challenges faced by agriculture.
Asian countries have broad extremes of development stages, some are technologically very advanced, on the other extreme are people that are dependent to traditional village practices. Rapid population growth in the past three decades have put great stress to the environment mainly due to a greedy natural resources exploitation. In that period traditional wisdom, knowledge, and taboo are being put behind and got a negative signature especially from the group who claimed themselves as modern people. This paper try to dig into several examples of good traditional practices in Indonesia that has its deep root in a sustainable humanistic environmental management. The 21st century have not only introduce modern mankind practice in the changing face of Asia but have also caused huge environmental degradation along its way of transformation, This paper urge the introduction of ecohydrology principles into Asia countries by bridging a combination approach between traditional knowledge and wisdom that has its deep roots in people daily life with the modern practice learned from modern European experiences.
The paper introduces an illustrative model, the ‘house model’, which contains a number of key elements for constructing and sustaining people’s participation in forest management. The model is used as a tool for analysing four donor supported forestry projects in Tanzania, Mozambique, Laos and Vietnam. The study shows that the two core elements for sustaining participation in forest management, regardless of land tenure or forest management model, are: (a) attitude: local people in the specific context see themselves as responsible for the local resources and; (b) access: local people gain secured access to information and benefits from the resources.
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