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The influence of the presence of bacteriophage ZD5, temperature, pH and the interaction of these factors on survival of Y. enterocolitica cells in pond water and buffers was examined. The presence of bacteriophage ZD5 and temperature have substantial influence on survival of Y. enterocolitica cells in buffers with different pHs. The statistical analysis showed a significant influence of the presence of phage ZD5 on the decrease in the number of Y. enterocolitica cells incubated in buffers with pHs 6, 7, and 8. In the presence of phage ZD5, pH itself turned out to be of no significance because the average numbers of Y. enterocolitica cells obtained in pHs 6, 7, and 8 did not differ significantly at p≤0.05. Statistical analysis confirms significant influence of the presence of phage ZD5 on the reduction of the number of Y. enterocolitica cells in pond water at both 4°C and 20°C. The lowest average value of the number of cells was obtained at 4°C in the presence of phage ZD5, both in the tested buffers and in the pond water.
The aim of the paper was to evaluate the effect of the birth body weight of the piglets on their productivity and survivability up to the age of 10 weeks. The observations covered the piglets born by 11 sows F1 of Polish Large White × Polish Landrace, inseminated by the semen of the boras (Duroc × Pietrain). The piglets were weighed on 1st, 21st, 35th and 70th day of life and the feed intake (per litter) was controlled. Depending on their birth body weight, the piglets were classifi ed into two groups: light (L) <1.5 kg (n = 52), heavy (H) ≥1.5 kg (n = 60). The mean general body weight of the piglets on 1st, 21st, 35th and 70th day was equal to 1.45, 5.09, 7.70 and 14.18 kg, respectively. In the groups, it was as follows: L – 1.17, 4.58, 6.91 and 13.00 kg; H – 1.70, 5.51, 8.29 and 15.12 kg, respectively (L–H, P ≤ 0.001). The deaths of the piglets in groups L and H amounted to 15.4 and 6.7%, respectively. In the situation of a free access of the progeny to mother’s feed and solid feedstuff, the obtained results indicate that the worse productivity, as expressed by lower feed conversion (by 10.5–16%), slower growth rate (by 12–20%) and lowered survivability (by 8.7 percentage points) of the piglets from groups L vs. group H, were the effect of considerably lower body weight of the newborn piglets as compared to their mean body weight
The effect of gamma irradiation and EMS treatment on seed germination and seedling height of Chick pea (Cicer arietinum. L.). In this regard Co-4 variety of chick pea was subjected to different doses/concentrations of gamma rays (20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 kR) and EMS (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mM) for inducing mutation. The effect of mutagen was observed on the basis of percentage of seed germination, seedling height reduction at 15th day and survivability. From the result it was observed that, the percentage of seed germination, seedling height reduction at 15th day and survivability were significantly decreased with increasing doses/concentrations of mutagen. The effective doses/ concentrations which caused 50 % growth reduction were 40kR in gamma rays and 30 mM in EMS.
The study is an attempt to apply Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 20079 and Bifidobacterium bifidum DSM 20215 bacteria, of properties earlier characterised by the authors, to carrot juice with the addition of prebiotic preparations, oat gruel and homogenised banana fruit. The best survivability of the Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 20079 bacteria up to the 28th day of refrigerated storage was obtained in the carrot juice with the addition of oat gruel. However, the product obtained in this way, even though it fulfilled the requirements expected from probiotic products, obtained the lowest score of sensory assessment. Sensoric evaluation of the Lactobacillus acidophilus containing juice has shown that addition of homogenised banana to the juice beneficially contributed to its flavor and aroma. The number of the live bacterial cells of the Bifidobacterium bifidum DSM 20215 strain in the carrot juice supplemented with the prebiotic preparations exceeded the level of 106 cfu/mL of juice during the entire storage period.
Study on the sterilizing and lethal effects of Cobalt-60 gamma radiation on the larval and adult stages of rust red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) was done at 0, 10, 30, 50, 70, 100, 150, 300 and 500 gray (Gy). Irradiation severely affected pupal period, pupal formation and survivability of larvae and adults. The developmental period of the pest was found to increase along with the increase in the radiation doses. The irradiation at 70 Gy was found to cause complete sterility in the insect.
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