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Mitochondria contain a potassium specific channel (mitoKATP channel) sensitive to ATP and antidiabetic sulfonylureas. The mitochondrial Katp channel plays an important role in the mitochondrial volume control and in regulation of the components of protonmotive force. This minireview describes the properties and current hypotheses concerning the function of mitoKATP channel.
Three populations of silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti L.) were tested – one that is susceptible and two that are resistant to sulfonylureas. Th is study assessed the efficacy of control by different herbicides in a pot experiment and estimated the molecular status of resistance to sulfonylureas in analysed populations and its effect on the effi cacy of different chemical treatments. The three most effective herbicide rotation schemes were: 1) chlorsulfuron + isoproturon, ethametsulfuron + metazachlor + quinmerac, chlorsulfuron + isoproturon; 2) prosulfocarb + difl ufenican, ethametsulfuron + quizalofop-p-ethyl, prosulfocarb + diflufenican; 3) diflufenican + flufenacet, quizalofop-p-ethyl, diflufenican + flufenacet. In most cases it was more difficult to destroy 100% of the resistant population from Modgarby where the majority of plants had no mutation in the als gene. In the resistant population from Babin there were signifi cantly more individuals with mutation in the als gene, therefore exhibiting target-site resistance.
Detailed recognition of weed infestation state and degree in south-western region of Poland provided the basis for starting field experiment on three types of soils aiming at the assessment of weed control effectiveness by means of suitably selected herbicide systems. High efficiency of weed elimination on alluvial soils was obtained due to herbicide mixture mesotrione + nicosulfuron in split doses. In the experiment established on brown soils the mentioned weed species were most satisfactorily controlled by herbicide mixture applied according to infestation degree: mesotrione + nicosulfuron i rimsulfuron + adjuvant + dicamba applied once in full doses. The mixture rimsulfuron + adjuvant + dicamba showed to be the most efficient regarding the weeds typical for alluvial soils, except for Elymus repens, numerously occurring in the experiment, which exhibited medium sesitivity, as well as winter forms of Anthemis arvensis. Mixture of rimsulfuron + adjuvant + florasulam + 2,4- D allowed to eliminate undesired plants on that soil stand in the most efficient way and to achieve the highest grain yield.
Channels selective for potassium or chloride ions are present in inner mitochondrial membranes. They probably play an important role in mitochondrial events such as the formation of pH and regulation of mitochondrial volume changes. Mitochondrial potassium and chloride channels could also be the targets for pharmacologically active compounds such as potassium channel openers and antidiabetic sulfonylureas. This review describes the properties, pharmacology, and current observations concerning the functional role of mitochondrial potassium and chloride channels.
In the years 2004-2006 with winter rye was conducted the research, both in a field experiment and in laboratory conditions, on the effect of chlorsulfuron (Glean 75 WG) and iodosulfuron methyl-sodium + mesosulfuron methyl (Atlantis 04 WG), used in 3-4 leaf stage in the autumn and plants at full tillering in the spring, on yielding and grain quality of two hybrid cultivars; Fernando F1 and Stach F1. The results obtained proved that winter rye, cultivated on black soil of the IIa class, produced high yield regardless plant cultivar, as well as applied herbicides which did not have a phytotoxic effect on plant growth and development. Neither the yield nor mass of 1000 grains was essentially affected by the use of herbicides or a date of their application. The mentioned parameters varied due to the course of weather conditions during the plant growing season. The examined herbicides did not significantly affect such characteristics as: protein content, falling number, equalization and density of grain.
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the selectivity of nicosulfuron, alone and in combinations, applied in post-emergence (V4) of glyphosate and sulfonylurea tolerant (RR/STS) soybean. The experiments were conducted in 2015/16 and 2016/17, in Piracicaba – state of São Paulo (SP). In 2016/17, the experiment was also conducted in Palotina – state of Paraná (PR). The experiment was a randomized block design, with four repetitions and 16 treatments, with combinations of nicosulfuron, glyphosate, chlorimuron, sulfometuron and cloransulam, applied alone or in tank mixture. Crop injury and variables related to agronomic performance were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and treatment means were compared by the Tukey test. The results obtained are significant in the positioning of herbicides in RR/STS soybean, since in the five experiments, all the treatments were selective, except for glyphosate + sulfometuron which reduced the yield of a cultivar (CD 2630 RR/STS) in the 2015/16 season.
The aim of the experiments was to evaluate the effect of amidosulfuron and tribenuron-methyl used in spring barley on yield of winter rape, horse bean and sugar beet cultivated as rotation crop plants. The field experiments were conducted during two years. They were conducted at the Experimental Station of the Institute for Plant Protection at Winna Góra, and showed that amidosulfuron and tribenuron-methyl used in spring barley do not influence on yield of winter oil seed rape, horse bean and sugar beet cultivated in normal crop rotation.
Investigations were carried out to determine the possible interaction between salinity (60 mmol*dm-3 NaCl) and phytotoxicity of herbicide Titus 25 DF (sulfonylurea herbicide containing active ingredient rimsulfuron). The herbicide was added to the nutrient solution at two concentrations - 1 or 100 nmol*dm-3. After 7 days of cultivation in the nutrient solution determined were the growth parameters and some biochemical compounds (photosynthetic pigments, total protein and free amino compounds content). The combined action of 1 nmol*dm-3 rimsulfuron and salt caused a reduction in plant biomass accumulation, but this reduction was due to the salt itself. In the presence of 100 nmol*dm-3 rimsulfuron, growth inhibition of maize roots was very high and salinity did not modify herbicide toxicity. However, reduction in maize shoots growth equalled the sum of the reductions caused by each particular factor applied separately (additive effect). The reduction in shoot fresh weight reached 64%. The investigated stress factors induced a significant increase in amino compounds, with the exception of maize roots grown under NaCl plus 100 nmol-dm-3 rimsulfuron. The concentration of total protein in maize roots diminished under NaCl and 100 nmol*dm-3 rimsulfuron, although in the other cases, it did not change distinctly in comparison to the control. All factors, with the exception of NaCl, induced a slight increase in protein contents in maize leaves. Stress factors did not change significantly the total chlorophyll concentration, however, carotenoid content was markedly reduced. Nevertheless, the combined action of 100 nmol*dm-3 rimsulfuron and NaCl caused a 10% increase in carotenoid content as compared to the control plants. In conclusion, salinity did not change the toxicity of the herbicide applied in low dose (1 nmol*dm-3), but it did increase herbicide toxicity at high concentration (100 nmol*dm-3) regarding the maize shoots.
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