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A simultaneous effect of some amino acids and metals on the activity of Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria in the process of microbiological sulphate reduction is studied. It has been established that the simultaneous presence of valine and one of the metals tested (cadmium, chromium or molybdenum) produces a synergetic effect of enhanced inhibitory effect relative to the effect at the presence of only one of these components. Moreover, serine, aspargine and isoleucine have insignificant effect on the desulfurication of sulphates, but the efficiency of this process significantly depends on the presence of metal ions in the medium.
Measurements were made of sediment characteristics, benthic microbial activity and optimum temperature for sulfate reduction at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, Antarctica. There was little evidence to support any seasonal variation in oxygen penetration of surface sediments. Oxygen penetrated to only 1.5 to 3 mm throughout the year, despite bioturbation from a dense amphipod population. The distribution of acid volatile sulfides increased with depth below 1 cm and above this, surface sediments were lighter in colour and contained fewer sulfides. The rates of sulfate reduction increased during winter under sea-ice cover, and remained high after ice break up. Seasonal water temperature was relatively constant between -1.8 and 0.5°C. Optimum temperature for anaerobic sediment respiration was investigated using different substrates and was found to be in the range 17-27°C, suggesting that sulfate reducing bacteria are psychrotolerant as they were inhibited by low temperatures.
This paper presents studies on the effects of manganese, barium, zinc, aluminium and copper ions on the rate of biological sulfates reduction by Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria. We determinated the concentrations of these ions which totally inhibited the process. The anions we studied can be arranged according to increasing poisonous properties: Mn2+
It was found that at 0.6 and 1% vol, of molasses, the reduction of sulphates occurred at the level of 0.7 g [S-SO42-], while at its concentration 2 and 5% vol., the maximum amount of the reduced sulphates increased to 0.826 and 1.256 g [S-SO42-], respectively, which corresponds to 60 and 92% of sulphate conversion. A decrease in COD varied from 32 to 40%, and was the greatest for the medium with 5% vol. of molasses. The results indicate that molasses, likewise some municipal waste, can be used as an alternative source of carbon acting as electron donor in reduction of sulphates to sulphides.
Catabolic activity of Bacillus licheniformis and Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria in media containing rape-seed oil methyl esters ( RMe) has been studied. The degree of the esters’ biodegradation was assessed on the basis of the kinetic parameters of the process of microbiological reduction of nitrates or sulphates, taking place with the involvement of RMe as electron donors. It has been shown that RMe in a wide range of concentrations are effective sources of carbon and energy for Bacillus licheniformis bacteria. At the esters concentration of 0.3% in the medium, the conversion of nitrates reached 100%, COD was reduced by 80% (biodegradation of RMe) and biomass increases three times. Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria in the media with RMe probably needs a long period of adaptation to this carbon source in the medium.
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