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Seeds of Pyrus calleryana were sampled from 11 stations located in Poznań green areas. Three of them represented cultivar ‘Capital’, whereas the remaining eight represented cultivar ‘Chanticleer’. The viability of seeds was qualified by means of tetrazolium test. The results of staining test showed that viability of Callery pear seeds was high and ranged from 90 to 100%.
Urban environments create unfavourable conditions for tree growth, particularly for street trees, thus, the selection of tree species to severe growth conditions tolerance is of high importance. In our research, the chlorophyll a fluorescence technique was applied to monitor the physiological state of young trees of 8 species and cultivars growing in a street environment in Warsaw. Trees growing 2-3 m away from a road were compared to others growing minimum 8 meters away. Most of the measured parameters concerning photosynthesis, i.e. F0 and FV/FM revealed satisfying values in Acer campestre, Gleditsia triacanthos, Platanus x hispanica cv. Acerifolia and Pyrus calleryana cv. Chanticleer and close proximity to a road had no negative effect on the photosynthetic apparatus. Roadside trees of Ginkgo biloba, Tilia cordata cv. Greenspire and Tilia x europaea cv. Pallida often revealed higher F0 values and lower FV/FM values than the control trees. The results allowed us to distinguish the tolerant species growing under harsh streetside environmental conditions. The chlorophyll a fluorescence technique was found to be a convenient and rapid method for application in in situ experiments.
There is increasing number of trees dying in large urban agglomerations. The problem is mostly pronounced in the case of street trees. In Polish cities, apart of pollutions generated by traffic, an important factor that causes death of trees is high salt concentration as a result of winter salt application for de-icing of streets. The aim of the study was to assess the growth of limes (Tilia cordata) planted along highly trafficked Warsaw street and exposed, among others, to salt in a form of saline aerosol. The assessment of shoot length, tree height and crown volume, based on the photographic method of the three increment assessments, showed very restrained growth of the studied limes. In the years 2006-2008 the trees performed so poorly as in similar period of 2003-2005 and grew worse than limes form natural habitats. In 2009 we even observed decrease in size of street trees as compared to 2008 which suggests both very bad condition of street habitats and the studied trees. Salt concentration measured on the surface of tree buds and shoots (EC) was higher in street trees than in trees from natural habitats, which indicates that saline aerosol is the source of sodium chloride. We observed highly diversified reactions of individual trees to the whole complex of street conditions. It is therefore recommended to select for propagation individuals from among most tolerant and vigorously growing plants (genotypes) to be used in street planting.
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