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The effect of nitrogen fertilisation and microbial preparations on the content of dry matter, starch, total protein and nitrates (V), raw potato tuber flesh tendency to darkening and the size of edible potato tuber storage losses was assessed in field experiments. The experimental factors were nitrogen fertilisation levels: 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha–1 and preparations: BactoFil B 10, Effective Microorganisms EM and UGmax soil fertiliser. The level of nitrogen fertilisation and application of microbial preparations had a significant effect on shaping the chemical composition and storage durability of potato tubers, however no influence of these factors was noted for the intensity of raw tuber flesh darkening. Increase in nitrogen fertilisation level was accompanied by a decrease in the content of dry matter and starch, whereas total protein and nitrate contents were increasing. Moreover, nitrogen fertilisation caused a significant increase in natural depletion in tubers during a 6-month storage period. The influence of microbial preparations on the tuber chemical composition was different than nitrogen fertilisation effect. Application of BactoFil B 10 preparation favoured accumulation of dry matter and starch in tubers, application of Effective Microorganisms EM preparation contributed to an increase in starch and nitrate content, whereas after using UGmax soil fertiliser a significantly lower total protein content was registered than in the case of the control.
Celem pracy było określenie ubytków masy bulw ziemniaka napromieniowanych mikrofalami w kolejnych etapach ich przechowywania. Badania prowadzono w latach 2006-2008 z użyciem trzech bardzo wczesnych odmiany ziemniaka: Felka Bona, Rosara i Velox. W doświadczeniu wykorzystano urządzenie o mocy 100 W generujące promieniowanie mikrofalowe o częstotliwości 2,45 GHz. Uzyskane wyniki badań wskazują na to, że w przyjętych w doświadczeniu czasach ekspozycji (10, 20 i 60 s) promieniowanie mikrofalowe istotnie modyfikuje – zmniejsza – ubytek masy przechowywanych bulw ziemniaka.
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The potatoes in storage houses potatoes can be stored in bulk up to the height of 5 m. In lower levels of pile the potatoes are subjected to strong compressive forces, causing the deformation and pressure-bruising of tubers. The experiment estimated reaction of potatoes Kuba, Triada, Danusia cultivars subjected to compressive force about 28 kN‧m⁻² in press-boxes. The boxes were filled with damaged and undamaged tubers and stored at the temperature 4°C. After storage period natural losses, length and number of the sprouts, surface of pressure-bruises on the tubers and surface of post-damage necroses were evaluated. Mean surface of the largest pressure-bruise was 313 mm², and the differences between damaged and undamaged potato tubers were in significant. The largest surface of post-damage necroses - 51 mm² was observed on potatoes of Kuba cultivar, while the smallest - 42 mm² in Triada cv. Differences between control and squeezed potatoes tubers were insignificant. No changes in form of parenchyma darkening under the site of pressure-bruise were observed.
The effects of various tops’ removal methods before harvesting on the storage losses of potato tubers were investigated. The tubers for laboratory analyzes were taken from a field experiment conducted at Zawady Agricultural Research Station in 2002-2004. The experimental factors were: four tops’ removal methods (control - without top removal, chemical tops’ removal with Reglone 200SL preparation, mechanical removal, manual tops’ removal) and three potato cultivars (Baszta, Kolia, Wiking). Yield of the tubers and level of mechanical damages were determined just after harvest. Tubers were stored over 6 months at the temperatures of 8-10°C and 3-4°C. Natural and waste tuber losses were evaluated after storage. Total losses and the losses of tuber yield were calculated. It was found that the tubers of less mechanical damages showed better storage durability. The least losses occurred in objects with manual top removal. After 6 months of storage the losses of tubers stored at 3-4°C were four times less than in those stored at 8-10°C. From among the tested potato cultivars the tubers of Baszta cv. showed best storage durability.
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