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A chlorine dioxide generating pad has been used as postharvest treatment to maintain the quality and safety of strawberries in two different storage conditions. During the short storage time (3 days at 4°C + 2 days at 20°C) fruit treated with ClO2 maintained better quality parameters, as color, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity and lower values of weight loss. During the long storage time (12 days at 2°C), the parameters related to postharvest quality were generally preserved and the effect of ClO2 was positive to reduce the total yeast and mold, except the last period of the experiment when the ClO2 gas-generating pad was probably exhausted. The sensory evaluation revealed that the sanitization with ClO2 maintained a global positive acceptance in particular during the short storage time. The results suggest that this treatment may be suitable to maintain the quality during short storage and long storage until 8 days and it may be an important alternative sanitizer thanks to the positive action against the yeast and mold without modifying the quality of the strawberries.
The experiment was founded in the spring of 1999 on the grey brown podzolic soil created from boulder clays. The trees of ‘Golden Delicious’ were planted on rootstock M 26 at 3.5 ×  1.2 m spacing (2381 trees ha⁻¹). The first factor in the experiment consisted the levels of potassium in the arable soil layer: 12, 16 and 20 mg K∙100 g⁻¹ of soil d.m., on the basis of annual chemical analyses. The second factor of the investigation was three forms of potassium fertilizers: potassium chloride (KCl), potassium sulphate (K2SO4) and potassium nitrate (KNO3). Each year the analyses of macro- and microelements in the soil and leaves were made. The controlled of potassium fertilization made the possible to maintain the planned potassium levels in the soil. Different potassium levels did not cause the significant differences in yielding of the trees. Different potassium levels and fertilizer forms did not cause any significant changes in flesh firmness, soluble solids, in the weight loss of fruit after harvest as well after storage. The using of fertilizer in the form of potassium sulphate caused an increase of the participation of fruit with bitter pit.
Seed vigour, viability, the contents of soluble carbohydrates, total protein, albumins, and globulins, as well as seed coat structure, were analysed in yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) cv. Iryd seeds stored for 20 years at -14oC, 0oC or at room temperature (approx. +20oC). Seed storage at room temperature reduced viability (to 2%) and increased seed leachate electroconductivity. Determinations of total proteins showed that protein content was significantly reduced in seeds stored at +20oC compared to the other storage regimens. Raffinose family oligosaccharides were the main soluble carbohydrates in seeds stored at 0oC and -14oC, whereas sucrose dominated in seeds stored at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of seed surface and seed coat sections revealed appearance of an amorphic layer on the surface of seeds stored at room temperature (not observed in other seeds) and distinct shrinking of macrosclereid layer in seeds stored at -14oC. Macrosclereids layer in all seeds was 100 um thick and accounted for 60% of seed coat thickness. The obtained results suggest that for long term storage of lupin seeds at 0oC is the most advisable temperature if both costs of storage and seed storability are considered.
‘Jonagold’ and ‘Szampion’ are winter apple cultivars, whose fruits are suitable for long-term storage. However, fruits of these cultivars differ markedly in the type of the surface and the rate and volume of water transpiration, which is manifested in fruit quality after storage and the length of apple shelf life. A majority of factors responsible for fruit quality and storability are genetically conditioned traits that are mainly developed before fruits reach harvest maturity or still develop during the storage period. The micromorphology, anatomy, and ultrastructure of 21-day-old fruit buds of the ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Szampion’ were examined using light microscopy as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The analyses were particularly focused on the traits that determine fruit firmness and storability, which contribute to long-term storage capacity. It was found that the fruit buds in both cultivars differed significantly in the number of trichome scars and stomata on the fruit surface, the thickness of the hypodermis layer and the hypodermis cell walls, and in the content of phenolic compound deposits. At the fruit bud stage, the following features related to increased or decreased fruit firmness and storability were observed: platelet crystalline wax, cuticle microcracks, stomata and trichome scars, and presence of phenolic compounds.
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