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Trzy-dniowe spożywanie diety niskosodowej (LNa) nie wywołuje istotnych zmian w zawartości badanych elektrolitów (Na, K, Ca) w surowicy krwi. Dieta LNa powoduje jednak istotną redukcję zawartości sodu w pocie termicznym wydzielanym podczas wysiłku fizycznego. Odnotowano. proporcjonalny do zwiększonej podaży potasu w diecie LNa, wzrost jego ilości w pocie.
The purpose of the study was to determine the concentration of colostral immunoglobulins, crude protein and certain electrolytes in the colostrum of the mare at different times after parturition. Relationships among the results obtained and the foals’ maturity and health were evaluated. Colostral samples were collected from 40 mares at first suckle and afer 6, 12 and 24 hours of foaling. The frozen samples were stored for 3 to 4 months and then thawed to evaluate the colostral specific gravity (g/ml). In 10 dams colostral specific gravity was measured immediately after collection and then the concentration of crude protein, colostral immunoglobulins, potassium, sodium and calcium were determined. The highest colostral specific gravity as well as concentrations of colostral immunoglobulins and crude protein were found at first suckle. Aferwards the values decreased and 12 to 24 hours after parturition the specific gravity was close to its value measured in the milk of a mare, and averaged 1.039. The colostral specific gravity in younger (4-9-years-old) mares was on the average 0.01 g/ml higher than in the older ones (10-16-years-old). Colostral specific gravities significantly correlate (r=0.90) with colostral immunoglobulin concentrations and crude protein. The concentrations of calcium and potassium were maintained on the same level whereas that of sodium decreased. At first suckle the sodium concentration was 29.2±4.4, 12 hours later it dropped to 20.56±4.9 and 24 hours after parturition it decreased to 17.75±2.8 mmol/1. Observations carried out during parturition and clinical evaluation of the foals’ maturity and health proved the physiological course of parturition.
The study concerned the determination of the influence of various manufactured mineral-plant additives, based on humic and calcium raw materials and dried herbs, lucerne and glycerol, on the content of Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Cl and Cu, Fe, Zn in the blood serum of Lohmann Brown (LB) laying hens housed in a deep litter system. Five groups (20 hens in each) were formed, and they were fed using a standard mixture (group C) and ones enriched (3% share) in the following preparations: A - herbal-humic, B - humic-herbal, C - humic-lucerne, D - glycerol-humic. Blood for examinations was collected twice; at the peak of the laying period (phase I), and in further stages of laying production (phase II). The applied mineral-plant feed additives did not unequivocally affect the differentiation of the value of blood serum mineral indices; however, the glycerol-humic preparation significantly increased the level of Ca, P in phase I, and Cu, Zn in phase II. Generally, higher contents of Ca, P, Mg, K and Cu, Fe and Zn were noted in phase II of the laying period, when compared to phase I. The results of this study may suggest the acceptance of the following values as initial data for further research on establishing of mineral indices reference values in laying hens’ blood serum. In phase I (peak of the laying period) and in phase II (further stage of laying period) they were: calcium 6.2-7.1 and 7.6-8.3 mmol/l, phosphorus 1.6-2.1 and 1.9-2.2 mmol/l, copper 3.7-5.1 and 5.0-7.1 µmol/l, iron 39-45 and 40-47 µmol/l, and zinc 37-43 and 39-47 µmol/l, respectively. The following values are proposed for the electrolytes during the entire laying period: sodium 147-149 mmol/l, potassium 4.6-5.2 mmol/l, chlorine 115-118 mmol/l.
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