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In the paper some methods for identification of the monotonic deterministic trend in hydrological time series were presented and discussed: the t-test, the Mann-Kendall test with corrections, the Theil-Sen estimator with the test based on bootstrap and the prewhitening method. The tests varied in assumptions on the existence of the serial correlation and the distribution of the variables in the series. Occasionally, when assumptions were not fulfilled, the tests led to contradictory conclusions. As examples, the applications to annual maximum and minimum flows were presented.
Serious errors in the statistical analysis conducted in a paper on the aurochs Bos primigenius (Lasota-Moskalewska and Kobryń 1990) are revealed in this article. A linear coding method transforming raw measurements into dimensionless numbers ranging from 0 to 100 was applied by the authors. Pooling the coded data on different traits is criticised and so is their application to any statistical tests. Correct tests are proposed.
Preliminary study of memory processes in Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) a small rodent living in the wild steppes of Mongolia was discovered in 1866 and it is becoming increasingly popular as a pet. The present work is an introduction to describe the behavior of this species and to investigate the influence of gender and age on memory process. 40 gerbils divided into four study groups (young males, young females, adult males, adult females) were twice tested in a modified version of the Lashley III maze (repeat after a week). Using statistical tests memory parameters, the activity of animals and behavior associated with the level of stress were analyzed. Conducted observations and calculations performed showed no difference between the groups (p > 0.05), which leads to the conclusion that in Mongolian gerbils age and sex have no effect on memory.
The subject of the research was unidimensional indices (characteristics) of mineral soil particle size distribution: mass fractal dimension of soil particle size distribution, grain-size distribution index, mean particle diameter and the product of the two latter. Among the four above-mentioned indices, the three former are known from previous studies and the latter was proposed by the authors. The work is an attempt to answer the question which of these indices best describes the granulometric composition of mineral soils as a factor differentiating the species composition of vegetation. The experimental area was a one hectare fallow composed of soils of five different tex-tural classes. The ruderal plant cover of the fallow was mechanically destroyed and several dozen semi-natural grassland species were sown on bare soil. The seeds were thoroughly mixed and evenly distributed over the entire experimental area. Then, 39 permanent plots were regularly deployed across the experimental area. In the following year, the frequency of the emerging seedlings and juveniles of the sown plant species was estimated and the texture of the soil surface layer was ana-lysed in the permanent plots. Statistical analysis performed by fuzzy set ordination method indicated that the product of grain-size distribution index and mean particle diameter is the most appropriate unidimensional granulometric characteristic of the soil particle size distribution as a plant commu-nity assembly driver.
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