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1

Stimulatory effect of methyl jasmonate on polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities, and starch degradation in scales of tulip bulbs

100%
Saniewski M., Czapski J.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Biological Sciences
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1989
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tom 37
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nr 1-3
2

Some enzymes of the starch degradation pathway in rumen protozoa with special reference to Ophryoscolex caudatus

84%
Gyulai F., Coleman G. S.
Acta Protozoologica
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1991
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tom 30
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nr 1
3

Starch metabolism in leaves

84%
Orzechowski S.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
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2008
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tom 55
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nr 3
435-445
Starch is the most abundant storage carbohydrate produced in plants. The initiation of transitory starch synthesis and degradation in plastids depends mainly on diurnalcycle, post-translational regulation of enzyme activity and starch phosphorylation. For the proper structure of starch granule the activities of all starch synthase isoenzymes, branching enzymes and debranching enzymes are needed. The intensity of starch biosynthesis depends mainly on the activity of AGPase (adenosine 5’-diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase). The key enzymes in starch degradation are β-amylase, isoamylase 3 and disproportionating enzyme. However, it should be underlined that there are some crucial differences in starch metabolism between heterotrophic and autotrophic tissues, e.g. is the ability to build multiprotein complexes responsible for biosynthesis and degradation of starch granules in chloroplasts. The observed huge progress in understanding of starch metabolism was possible mainly due to analyses of the complete Arabidopsis and rice genomes and of numerous mutants with altered starch metabolism in leaves. The aim of this paper is to review current knowledge on transient starch metabolism in higher plants.
4

Starch grain surface and starch degradation in turions of the duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza [Lemnaceae]

84%
Appenroth K. J., Reimann R., Krok F., Szymonska J.
Żywność Nauka Technologia Jakość. Suplement
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2002
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tom 09
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nr 4
Turions are survival organs of aquatic plants such as the great duckweed {Spirodela polyrhiza). They consist of approximately 50% storage starch (per dry weight) used to support the growth of newly formed sprouts following germination. They could be employed as a good model system for investigations of the storage starch degradation in plants. To induce starch degradation in the plant cells turions must be irradiated for a few days with continuous light absorbed by the plant photoreceptor phytochrome. During such treatment changes in the profile of proteins associated with the starch grain surface have been observed. It was shown by in vitro binding studies that several proteins (α-amylase, starch dikinase R1, ß- amylase) are desorbed from the surface or lose the ability to bind to it. This effect was especially obvious when starch grains from turions irradiated for 4 days (irradiated samples) were compared to those from turions kept in darkness (dark control). A hypothesis was presented that unknown changes in the surface properties of starch grains might be very important in the mechanism of starch degradation, by altering the binding of proteins. The aim of the study was to investigate these properties immediately before and after the start of the starch degradation. Precise structural analysis of the starch grain surface was performed using a non- contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM). The grain surface revealed increasing roughness and a reduced density of the structural elements in the samples after irradiation. Two different kinds of randomly organized surface elements were detected by nc-AFM: the one type of a globular structure and the other one more oblong. They could be considered as the carbohydrate lamellas situated in the different way at the starch granule surface. Both were observed to become larger after irradiation. This might be a result of binding of water molecules to the carbohydrate lamellas or bending the surface carbohydrate helices into superhelices by new inter-carbohydrate hydrogen bonds. Such a modification of the starch granule surface could be a consequence of events started by the photoreceptor phytochrome involving starch phosphorylation / dephosphorylation, perhaps mediated by the newly discovered starch dikinase.
5
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The degradation of storage materials in germinating tomato seeds after red and far red light irradiation

67%
Lewandowska A., Eckstein A., Gabrys H.
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
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2013
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tom 94
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nr 3
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