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1

The influence of the cooling of donor cultures on the in vitro adventitious regeneration and carbohydrate metabolism of four dwarfing apple rootstocks

100%
Orlikowska T., Zawadzka M., Kucharska D., Lahuta L. B.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2010
|
tom 32
|
nr 2
We examined the effects of cooling applied for 4 to 20 weeks on donor cultures of four dwarfing apple rootstocks (P16, P22, P59 and M26). Our aim includes increasing their competence for in vitro adventitious shoot regeneration from the leaves. Donor cultures were maintained on a shoot multiplication medium at 4℃ in the dark for 4 months, followed by subculture on a fresh medium for 4 weeks. The cooling of the cultures caused an increase in the adventitious shoot number and a decrease in the starch content and an increase in the soluble sugar content (monosaccharides, raffinose and stachyose). The accumulation of stachyose in response to cold is a new observation, and it suggests that raffinose and stachyose play important role in the acclimation of dwarf apple rootstocks to low temperatures.
2

Wplyw procesow technologicznych na zawartosc oligosacharydow w nasionach roslin straczkowych

100%
Amarowicz R.
Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna
|
1999
|
tom 32
|
nr 1
9-13
3
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Loss of tolerance to desiccation in germinated Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) seeds. Changes in carbohydrate content

100%
Pukacka S.
Dendrobiology
|
2001
|
tom 46
Carbohydrates were analyzed in Norway maple embryo axes and cotyledons after imbibition, in the middle of cold stratification, before germination and during radicle protrusion to 8-10 mm and 20-25 mm. Simultaneously desiccation tolerance of seeds was determined by tetrazolium (TTC) test, after desiccation of seeds to 10-20% of water content. The cotyledons were tolerant to desiccation throughout all stratification and germination period. Embryo axes became sensitive to desiccation when hypocotyls-radicle protrusion reached 20-25 mm length. In this period the significant increase of monosaccharides: glucose, fructose and galactose in embryo axes occurred. This was not observed in cotyledons. During the germination period significant decrease of sucrose and raffinose content was noted in embryo axes and cotyledons. Relatively less changes appeared in stachyose content in embryo axes while in cotyledons it decreased evidently. The mass ratio of sucrose to oligosaccharides was higher in cotyledons of germinated seeds. The marked decrease of mass ratio of oligo to monosaccharides was observed in embryo axes in the last period of germination. The role of carbohydrates in loosing tolerance to desiccation in germinated Norway maple seeds is discussed.
4

Desiccation induces accumulation of raffinose and stachyose in legume seedlings

100%
Gorecki R. J., Lahuta L. B., Goszczynska J.
Biological Letters
|
2005
|
tom 42
|
nr 2 Spec.Vol.
5
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Exogenously applied D-pinitol and D-chiro-inositol modifies the accumulation of alpha-D-galactosides in developing tiny vetch [Vicia hirsuta [L.] S.F.Gray] seeds

100%
Lahuta L. B., Horbowicz M., Gojlo E., Goszczynska J., Gorecki R. J.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
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2005
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tom 74
|
nr 4
In the present study we have investigated the effect of exogenous cyclitols on the accumulation of their galactosides and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), as well as on some enzymes important for their biosynthesis in seeds of tiny vetch (Vicia hirsuta [L.] S.F. Gray). Immature seeds during 6-day incubation with D-chiro-inositol (naturally does not appear in seeds of tiny vetch) were accumulated cyclitol and its galactosides (fagopyritols: B1 and B2). Short 4-hour incubation with D-chiro-inositol, and subsequent slow desiccation process caused accumulation of free cyclitol only, without biosynthesis of its galactosides. Feeding D-chiro-inositol to pods of tiny vetch induced accumulation of high levels of its galactosides (fagopyritol B1, B2 and B3) in maturing seeds. Similarly, feeding D-pinitol increased accumulation of its mono-, di- and tri-galactosides: GPA, GPB, DGPA and TGPA in tiny vetch seed. Accumulation of both cyclitols and their galactosides drastically reduced accumulation of verbascose. Inhibition of RFOs biosynthesis by elevated levels of free cyclitols suggests some competition between formation of both types of galactosides and similarity of both biosynthetic routes in tiny vetch seeds. Galactinol synthase (GolS) from tiny vetch seeds demonstrated ability to utilize D-chiro-inositol as galactosyl acceptor, instead of myo-inositol. Presence of both cyclitols, as substrates for GolS, caused synthesis of their galactosides: fagopyritol B1 and galactinol. However, formation of galactinol was more efficient than fagopyritol B1. D-chiro-Inositol and D-pinitol at concentrations several-fold higher than myo-inositol had inhibitory effect on GolS. Thus, we suggest that a level of free cyclitols can have an influence on the rate of galactinol biosynthesis and further accumulation of RFOs and galactosyl cyclitols in tiny vetch seeds.
6
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Zawartość białka ogółem, inhibitorow trypsyny i stachiozy w preparatach białkowych uzyskiwanych z mąki grochu za pomocą różnych metod koagulacji

88%
Baraniak B., Niezabitowska M., Porzucek H.
Żywność Nauka Technologia Jakość
|
2004
|
tom 11
|
nr 3
87-97
Porównano zawartość wybranych składników (białko, kwasy tłuszczowe, stachioza, aktywność inhibitora trypsyny) w preparatach otrzymanych z różnych odmian grochu (Koral, Poa, Ramir i Piast) w wyniku wytrącenia białek w ich punkcie izoelektrycznym. Badano przydatność polielektrolitów Magnafloc M-22S o charakterze kationowym i Superfloc A-150 o charakterze anionowym w procesie koagulacji preparatów z grochu odmiany Piast. Preparaty białkowe otrzymywano również z mąki, w której białka poddano wcześniej chemicznej modyfikacji: acetylowaniu i sukcynylowaniu. Zawartość analizowanych składników w preparatach zależała w znacznym stopniu od odmiany grochu. Preparaty wytrącone w obecności polielektrolitów miały więcej kwasów tłuszczowych od preparatu otrzymanego za pomocą kwasu. Zastosowanie wielkocząsteczkowych polielektrolitów znacznie zwiększyło zawartość białka w preparatach otrzymanych po chemicznej modyfikacji w porównaniu z preparatami flokulowanymi bez modyfikacji białek.
7

Galactooligosaccharides of seeds during growth of Phaseolus coccineus L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L.beans

88%
Kosson R.
Acta Agrobotanica
|
1995
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tom 48
|
nr 1
75-81
The quantitative changes of raffinose and stachyose in seeds of Phaseolus coccineus L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. during their growth and maturation in a two year experiment were investigated. Trace amounts of raffinose were found in Ph. vulgaris seeds during their vegetative growth in 1990. Time of raffinose accumulation in seeds in 1991 began not earlier than on 33rd day since inflorescence. Stachyose started to accumulate in seeds between 33rd and 47th day after inflorescence of all tested cultivars. It was noticed that stachyose and raffinose contents in seeds of most tested cultivars after ten years of storage did not differ significantly when compared to not stored ones.
8
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Acclimation of poplar trees to heavy metals in polluted habitats: I. Carbohydrate metabolism in fine roots of Populus deltoides

75%
Lorenc-Plucinska G., Stobrawa K.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
|
2005
|
tom 74
|
nr 1
Concentrations of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC), soluble carbohydrates, starch, sucrose, glucose, fructose, raffinose, galactose, stachyose, mannitol and specific activities of soluble acid (AI) and neutral (NI) invertases, sucrose synthase (SuSy), hexokinase (HK), fructokinase (FK), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) were analyzed in fine roots of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh growing at a polluted site (near copper smelters) and a control site (free from heavy pollution). Also chemical properties of the soil from both sites were assessed. In comparison with the control, fine roots from the polluted site contained greater concentrations of TNC, soluble sugars, starch and sucrose but less hexoses, so they had higher values of sucrolysis index (sucrose/hexoses). The activity of AI, NI and SuSy declined insignificantly, while specific activities of HK, FK, GAPDH and G6PDH were significantly inhibited. The results suggest that a long-term heavy metal stress leads to an accumulation of carbohydrates and altering activities of glycolysis and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in fine roots.
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