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A novel approach to DNase I-sensitivity analysis was applied to examining genes of the spermatogenic pathway, reflective of the substantial morphological and genomic changes that occur during this program of differentiation. A new real-time PCR-based strategy that considers the nuances of response to nuclease treatment was used to assess the nuclease susceptibility through differentiation. Data analysis was automated with the K-Lab PCR algorithm, facilitating the rapid analysis of multiple samples while eliminating the subjectivity usually associated with Ct analyses. The utility of this assay and analytical paradigm as applied to nuclease-sensitivity mapping is presented.
The testes and epididymes of the European bison Bison bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758) were collected from culled animals living in free-ranging populations in Białowieża Forest, Borecka Forest and Bieszczady Mountains, and in captivity (103 males, 4 months to 17 years old). We found that all bulls were sexually mature at the age of 4 years, and some even at the age of 3 years. Animals which started mature sper­matozoa production were treated as sexually mature. We observed the inhibition of spermatogenesis efficiency and involutionary changes in epididymal epithelium after 12 years of age. Therefore, in the postnatal development of spermatogenesis three phases were distinguished: I - development of spermatogenesis (4th month - 4th year of age), II - mature spermatogenesis (4th - 12th year), III - inhibition of spermato­genesis efficiency (over 12th year of age).
Using the Southwestern blot analysis we have studied the interactions between rat repetitive sequence MspI8 and the nuclear matrix proteins of rat testis cells. Starting from 2 weeks the young to adult animals showed differences in type of testis nuclear matrix proteins recognizing the MspI8 sequence. The same sets of nuclear matrix proteins were detected in some fractions enriched in spermatocytes and spermatides and obtained after fractionation of testis cells of aduit animals by the velocity sedimentation technique.
Spermatogenesis in Gallegoides arfaai is similar to that described for other cestode species. Six incomplete synchronic cytokineses occur: four mitotic and two meiotic cell divisions. The primary spermatogonium divides forming two secondary spermatogonia. All further divisions occur simultaneously, resulting in a rosette of four tertiary, then eight quaternary spermatogonia and sixteen primary spermatocytes. The first meiotic division forms thirty-two secondary spermatocytes and after the second meiotic division sixty-four spermatids are formed. Spermiogenesis begins with the formation of a differentiation zone in the form of a conical projection of cytoplasm delimited by a ring of arching membranes. Within this area there are two centrioles, a centriolar adjunct and vestigial striated rootlets. During spermiogenesis, only one of the centrioles develops an axoneme that grows directly into the cytoplasmic extension. The other centriole remains oriented in a cytoplasmic bud and posteriorly aborts. The nucleus elongates and moves into the cytoplasmic extension. Granular material present in each sperm originates from electron-dense material present in the periphery of the spermatid. In the final stage of spermiogenesis two crest-like bodies appear at the Bâse of the spermatid. Finally, the ring of arching membranes constricts and the young spermatozoon detaches from the residual cytoplasm. In order to increase homogeneity in the designation of the non-typical striated rootlets previously described, in this study we propose to group them under the common designation of "vestigial striated rootlets" and its importance is discussed according to previous findings of related structures in other cyclophyllideans.
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