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Some basic experiments of nitrous oxide determination, utilizing a classic double beam spectrometer were performed. Known amounts of nitrous oxide were measured in atmospheric air, helium and exhaust gases. The experiments allowed determination of N20 in amounts of 80 and 4 ppmv, employing standard and long-path gas cells, respectively.
Kinetic and thermodynamic studies were made on the effect of caffeine on the activ­ity of adenosine deaminase in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, using UV spectrophotometry and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). An uncompetitive inhi­bition was observed for caffeine. A graphical fitting method was used for determina­tion of binding constant and enthalpy of inhibitor binding by using isothermal titra­tion microcalorimetry data. The dissociation-binding constant is equal to 350 uM by the microcalorimetry method, which agrees well with the value of 342 uM for the inhi­bition constant that was obtained from the spectroscopy method. Positive dependence of caffeine binding on temperature indicates a hydrophobic interaction.
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The objective of the presented work was to examine the optical properties of selected bio-fuel waste. Three independent optical methods: UV-Vis spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and chromametric measurements were applied to establish the possible quality control test for the obtained substances. The following by-products were tested: distilled glycerine, technical glycerine and matter organic non glycerine fraction from rapeseed oil bio-fuel production. The results show that analysis of UV-Vis spectra can give rapid information about the purity of distilled glycerine, while no direct information can be obtained concerning the concentration and kind of impurities. Transmission mode is more useful as compared to absorption, concerning the detection abilities of average UV-Vis spectrometers. Infrared spectroscopy can be used as a complementary method for determining impurities/admixtures in samples. Measurements of chroma give the quickest data to compare the colour of biofuel by-products obtained by different producers. The condition is, however, that the products are received through the same or similar chemical processes. The other important factor is application of well defined measuring background. All the discussed analyses are quick, cheap and non-destructive, and can help to compare the quality of products.
Capacity and electric resistance of lipid membranes composed of lecithin and cholesterol were determined. The components were chosen for the study because they were present in biological membranes. Capacitance of the lecithin and cholesterol membranes amounts to 0.38 and 0.61 μF/cm2, and resistance to 1.44xl04 and 2.12x 106 Ω cm2, respectively. A 1:1 complex appears as a result of lecithin-cholesterol membrane formation. Parameters of the membrane formed of the lecithin-cholesterol complex were determined: surface concentration (Γ3), capacitance (C3), and conductance (R 31), as well as the stability constant (K) of the complex. The mean values of those magnitudes are as follows: 4.265xl0-6 mol/m2, 0.54 μF/cm2, 1.381xl0-6 Ω-1 cm-2 and 3.748x107, respectively.
High-resolution  1H NMR spectroscopy of body fluids has proved to be very useful in diagnostics of inherited metabolic diseases, whereas  13C NMR remains almost unexploited. In this paper the application of  13C NMR spectroscopy of fivefold concentrated urine samples for diagnosis of selected metabolic diseases is reported. Various marker metabolites were identified in test urine samples from 33 patients suffering from 10 different diseases, providing information which could be crucial for their diagnoses. Spectra were accumulated for 2 h or overnight when using spectrometers operating at 9.4 or 4.7 T magnetic fields, respectively. Interpretation of the measurement results was based on a comparison of the peak positions in the measured spectrum with reference data. The paper contains a table with  13C NMR chemical shifts of 73 standard compounds. The method can be applied individually or as an auxiliary technique to  1H NMR or any other analytical method.
The effects of various mono- and divalent ions on the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) were investigated. To determine the radius of PDC under various conditions a two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis technique was used. The radius of PDC cross-linked with glutaraldehyde at ionic strength 0.04 M was calculated to be 22.0 ± 0.1 nm. The presence of K+, Na+ or HPO4 prevented changes in electromobility and of the calculated radius of PDC induced by alteration in ionic strength. The fluorescence emission spectra of PDC depended on the ionic strength and monovalent cations. The fluorescence intensity of PDC increased in the presence of 80 mM K+, and decreased in the presence of 80 mM Na+ with no shift in the emission maximum wavelength. Changes in the ionic strength to which PDC was exposed resulted in alteration of the UV absorption spectra in the 230 nm region. These alterations were prevented by HPO42- , whereas N+ or K+ ions had no effect on the UV absorption spectrum of PDC.
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