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The article discusses the issue of spatial planning in communes. The opportunities of making spatial databases for the purposes of record of planning permission are presented. The presented solution allows for the collection and processing of spatial data in geographical information systems at the local, regional, and national government level. The analysis shows the possibilities of creation of database on the example of selected rural commune. This commune has not kept a record of the planning permission in electronic version. The case study used in the research allows presenting the sample spatial database that can be used in the commune management. This is due to the fact that geographical information systems are becoming an increasingly popular tool for the administrative decision-making process in commune offices. These tools allow for easier access to data and faster and multi-faceted use of it in the office work. An example of the Szczutowo commune shows the possibility of using a spatially referenced data resource in the electronic way. However, it is important that local authorities after hearing about this kind of tool wished to use it in their daily work. The ArcGIS software was used in the presented example, but it can be replaced by open source solutions.
Because of the spaciousness of the analyses carried out in the last sub-task of the research task (Legal status of public participation in spatial planning) they are going to be presented in a separate article. The above description of the 4/5 of the research task leads to a number of conclusions that are not taken into account often enough in discussions and postulations concerning public participation. The feverishness and haste in waiting for the effects of public participation in spatial planning should be tempered with a short history (short life) of this phenomenon. Additionally, it is not possible to treat public participation, particularly in spatial planning, exclusively as a fulfilment of the democratic postulation of giving more authority to citizens. In this respect the citizens should acquire appropriate knowledge and skills without which it is not possible to imagine spatial design. It is nowadays typical that types (models) of public participation are confused. Informing, consulting, etc. are only tools of participation. The type of spontaneous participation we discriminated seems to be the most frequent way of civil participation in spatial planning in Poland right now. It is often conflicting participation that does not have its place in public participation based on consensus as is initiated and coordinated by official institutions or public administration. This shows that Poland’s spatial management has a conflict triggering nature. As a phenomenon that broadens democratic practices public participation in spatial planning and formation of space may be developed and enhanced. However, it is too often considered that this enhancement should rely on creating new (and enhancing the existing) instruments of participation – methods and techniques whereas also pointing at new fragments of social environment and social and spatial problems that are unsolvable without social participation is also a way of enhancement and broadening.
This article is an attempt to typologically characterize 114 communes, which in their administrative borders contain national parks, in terms of their equipment and availability of gas network communes having national park in their administrative boarders. The analysis has been conducted with the use of two indicators, based on the statistical data of Central Statistical Office, available in LDB (Local Data Bank). Simultanoulsy, the assessment of socio-spatial availability has been based on the measures showing the given indicator in relation to the area or population number. The conducted analysis allowed to identify six types of communes that show the current situation in terms of gas network saturation, which constitutes one of the factors of sustainable development. Situation in terms of occurrence, as well as availability of gas pipelines in the studied communes must be considered as unfavorable. The largest group (55 of 114) is comprised are the communes, where there is no gas pipeline. Communes where the implemented gas pipeline infrastructure supports the population in a very good manner include only 10 of 114.
In this study of the genesis and evolution of social participation in spatial planning (sometimes social pressure was also concerned with operative programmes of revitalisation of city districts and this is why the article also discusses social participation in space formation) I have tried to show that this process is of a complex and multidisciplinary character in which various forms of participation, that are now treated separately, intermingled. Public protests or even riots (chaotic participation) forced the authorities to juridise social participation in spatial planning (passing laws on participation forms) and enhancement of the provisions of the existing laws by their instrumentalisation (equipment) in more or less efficient tools of participation (e.g. advocacy planning or J. Fishkin’s deliberative poll). This is treated as the so-called non-statutory form of social participation in spatial planning. In my opinion, this complex and multidisciplinary process is best presented in a way that is subject to chronology rather than to separate treatment of various phenomena. The chronological attitude used in this article shows that social participation in spatial planning is assessed with pessimism. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries the pessimist tone prevails in the assessment of the efficiency of social participation in spatial planning. But this article shows that in the 1970s the tone was quite different – full of optimism and hope, mainly concerned with advocacy planning. This should lead us to the conclusion that verifies the goal of this article, that the short history of social participation in spatial planning tells us we should expect further maturation and development of the participation phenomena.
The article defines the phenomenon of public discussion and its place in democratic practices of public life. It presents various types of public discussion which are useful at spatial planning. The history of Polish legal regulations as regards the function and place of public discussion in spatial planning has been analyzed. The article contains conclusions proposing the necessary improvements of the provisions regulating the use of public discussions in spatial planning.
The article presents the results of empirical studies, in which 63 minutes of public discussions over drafts of local plans and studies of pre-conditioning and directions of spatial development of communes in the Mazovian Province in the period 2004-2008 were examined. The research hypothesis assuming that carrying out a public discussion over a draft of the plan in a commune has an impact on, among others, the level of organizational culture of the commune office and authorities, that is, motivations and attitudes of members of those bodies, expressed in relation to the inhabitants of a commune and finding their reflection in the objectives of the organization being actually executed, has been verified.
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The paper presents spatial planning system currently mandatory in Poland, as well as main changes concerning the principles of spatial planning and management in Poland after the system transformation. The work addresses particularly the issues of de-centralization of public administration and establishing commune self-governments, socialization of spatial planning, protection of private property and also the obligation to consider appropriate instruments of natural protection in the process of spatial planning and management. The paper presents also the basic principles of spatial planning in the United States of America and points out the similarities and differences between the methods, procedures and assumptions of spatial planning systems in both countries. The work presents potential areas of cooperation between both universities comprising sharing knowledge and exchanging experiences in the filed of spatial planning and management.
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