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The process of the isolation of malathion from water matrix has been optimized from the point of recovery. Solid phase extraction (SPE) columns with different material packings have been used to study the dependence of recovery on adsorbent type, structure and character. Solid membrane EMPORE with C-18 groups has also been used for this investigation. Comparison of extraction efficiency obtained for SPE column and extraction disc has been done.
A method for the preparation and application of aryl chemically bonded phases designed for SPE/HPLC determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental samples is described. New adsorbents have been characterised by different physicochemical techniques (porosimetry, CHN and chromatographic analysis). The sorption properties of prepared packings were investigated by the determination of sorption isotherms (so-called breakthrough curves). A comparison of the recovery rates (R) of selected PAHs for new packings and for conventional material C8 has been performed.
An effective method for determining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils fertilised with sewage sludge is presented in this paper. PAH extraction was carried out by ultrasound; dichloromethane was used as a solvent. Purification was done by means of solid phase extraction. Identification and determination was carried out by means of HPLC with a UV detector. The present analyses were carried out on the soil (control), sewage sludge, and soil fertilised with sewage sludge at a rate of 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20%.
Cotinine, as the main metabolite of nicotine, has been determined in urine using solid-phase extraction and the high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (SPE-HPTLC) method. The urine samples were collected from a group of 35 male adolescents which were moderate or significantly exposed to home environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone was used as the internal standard in the proposed screening procedure. The thin-layer chromatograms were evaluated densitometrically after visualization of cotinine spots with ninhydrin and cadmium acetate solution. The described SPE-HPTLC procedure indicated good selectivity, sensitivity and reproducibility, enabling reliable verification of interview collected questionnaire data in families exhibiting a diversified level of ETS. The results of cotinine measurements by the proposed method were applied for assessment of hazards from home ETS on the health status of elementary schoolboys, especially an increased risk for infectious respiratory tract diseases and exercise-induced bronchospasm.
Our study was undertaken to compare the behaviour and properties of two new ketoimine sorbents with a commercial sorbent C-18. The sorbents were used to concentrate the endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the water, by the use at solid phase extraction (SPE). EDCs were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to UV detection. The residues of bisphenol A, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether in the water having contact with polycarbonate plastic have been determined. The applicable concentration range was 0.5 to 100 µg/l in water samples. Detection limits were of about 0.20 µg/l for BPA and BPF, and 0.50 µg/l for diglycidyl ether derivatives. The recovery of bisphenol A introduced into water ranged from 93.3% to 97.0%, of BPF from 91.6% to 95.9%, of BADGE from 82.0% to 86.4%, and of BFDGE from 79.7 to 82.5%. The proposed method is simple and sensitive, and thus well suited for analysis of ECDs in the water.
The aim of this study was to test a new method for the quantitative determination of metallo- thionein (MT), in order to determine the level of exposure to heavy metals. For MT preconcentration, the solid phase extraction (SPE) method with covalent affinity chromatography with thiol-disulphide interchange (CAC-TDI) gel was applied. In experiment Cd-thionein (Cd-Th) obtained from rats exposed to cadmium salt was used. Protein concentration was determined by indirect method based on metal analysis, bonded with MT protein by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The results showed satisfactory correlation between Cd-Th concentration and the level of exposition for heavy metals.
The aim of this examination was optimization of flavonols' detection method in plant's extracts. The leaves of Rosa canina L. and Rosa damascena Mill, were chosen as the experi­mental material, due to their rich content of flavonols. In the study, optimization and comparison of extraction, hydrolysis and purification processes of samples predesti­nated to HPLC analysis of flavonol aglycones were performed. The most optimal method to detect flavonols in examined material was their direct hydrolysis with 1.2 N HCL dur­ing 1 h connected with its extraction with 50% methanol and then purification of the sample by SPE before HPLC examination. The comparison and evaluation of two elaborated methods of hydrolyzate purification from neutral compounds, which are liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with ethyl acetate and solid phase extraction (SPE) in RP-18 microcolumns, were carried out. 78% recovery of standard quercetin during LLE and 98.8% recovery of standard quercetin during filtering and elution of hydrolyzate with methanol through octadecyl microcolumns in SPE method were observed. These results showed that SPE is better then LLE during superior sample purification procedure.
The aim of investigation was to elaborate an analytical method of determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide active substances: propachlor, dimethachlor, alachlor, propisochlor, metolachlor and metazachlor in soil, plant and water samples. The analytical procedure consist of three elementary processes: extraction of analyzed substances from matrix, cleaning of extract using SPE (Solid Phase Extraction) column with C18 active solid and final determination using gas chromatography with ECD detection. The detection limit (LOD) of all tested chloroacetanilide compounds was 0.0002 mg/kg (for soil and plant samples) and 0.00002 mg/kg for water samples. The range of fortified recoveries of the method was 90–98%.
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