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Effect of various fungicides on the efficacy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium in the control of root-infecting fungi such as Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani on four different varieties of wheat was evaluated under field conditions. Bayleton (aj. triadimephon), Bavistin (aj. carbendazym) and Topsin-M (aj. thiophanate-methyl) reduced bacterial survival on wheat seeds whereas Benlate (aj. benomyl) was not effective in this respect. P. aeruginosa used in combination with Benlate showed effective control of soilborne root-infecting fungi along with the enhancement of growth and grain yield of wheat.
Studies were conducted on a field of soybean monoculture at Czesławice near Nałęczów in the years 2002–2004. The object of the studies were soybean plants ‘Polan’ cv. and chitosan. A water solution of chitosan micro-gel at the concentration of 0.1% was used for studies. The studies tested the effect of this compound on the inhibition of soybean diseases caused by soil-borne pathogenic fungi. The solution of chitosan was used a few times, i.e. for seed dressing, seedling spraying, plant spraying at anthesis and in mixed combinations. During the experiment field observations were conducted in particular developmental stages when the number and healthiness of plants were established. Infected plants were submitted to mycological analysis. Results from the field observations and mycological analyses showed that chitosan used in a mixed combination (for seed dressing + seedling spraying + plant spraying at anthesis) was the most effective in protecting soybean from the infection of soil-borne pathogenic fungi. In those combinations the best density of soybean seedlings and plants at anthesis was obtained. The mycological analysis of infected parts of soybean seedlings and plants at anthesis showed that chitosan proved effective in inhibiting the infection of soybean plants from fungi from the genera of Fusarium, Pythium, Phomopsis and Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani.
In vitro relationships between identified seed- and soil-borne fungi from rape samples have been investigated in order to evaluate their antagonistic ability as potential biocontrol agents. The bioproduct obtained from the Trichoderma viride Pers. (strain Td50) has been tested in vivo against the main phytopathogens of rape: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, Botrytis cinerea Pers., Alternaria spp. and Fusarium spp. in greenhouse at the Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Biology Faculty, University of Bucharest – Romania and in the field at the Agricultural Experimental Research-Development Station Caracal (AERDS), Olt district. The T. viride (strain Td50) bioproduct formulated as a powder for the seed treatment has been effective in the protection of rape plantlets against the above mentioned phytopathogens.
The objective of the paper was to determine the effectiveness of post-culture liquids of Bacillus sp. Bsch 19 and Pseudomonas sp. Psch 16 in the protection of soybean from soil-borne fungi. The use of post-culture liquids of those bacteria in seed dressing positively affected the number, healthiness and yielding of soybean plants. The plants were mainly infected by Fusarium spp., Phoma exigua var. exigita, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Those fungi were isolated much more rarely from the plants in combinations with the use of post-culture liquids of antagonistic bacteria as compared with the plants from the control combination, i.e. without seed dressing. A reverse relation was found for the occurrence of saprophytic fungi from the genera of Gliocladium, Penicillium and Trichoderma.
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