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Soil temperature regime of an Entisol in Thessaloniki, Greece

100%

Goutsidou J., Makrogiannis T., Panayiotopoulos K.

International Agrophysics

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1992

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tom 06

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nr 1-2

2

The effect of covering and mulching on the temperature and moisture of soil and broccoli yield

86%

Kosterna E.

Acta Agrophysica

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2014

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tom 21

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nr 2

Soils in Poland are characterised by relatively low available water reserves. Soil mulching is one of the methods which positively influence soil moisture and structure, reduce negative effects of erosion, and help to decrease fluctuations of soil temperature. The experiment was carried out in the years 2010-2012 at the Experimental Station of the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities as a split-block design with three replicates. The study aimed to determine the effect of plant covering (with-out cover, under polypropylene fibre) and soil mulching with different kinds of straw (rye, corn, rape, buckwheat) on changes in soil temperature and moisture as well as on the yield of broccoli. Soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm in covered plots was higher than in plot without cover. Soil temperature in the plots without straw, irrespective of whether a covering was used, was higher than in plots with straw. The lowest fall in temperature compared to the control plot was observed in plots mulched with buckwheat straw. This phenomenon was a result of lower intensity of light reflection of this straw which absorbed more sunlight than straw of other species. All investigated kinds of straw caused an increase of moisture in the upper (0-20 cm) and lower (20-40 cm) soil layers after cover removal and before broccoli harvest, in the cultivation without cover and under polypropylene fibre. Application of covers and simultaneous soil mulching had more favourable influence on water content in the soil than only mulching. Significantly the highest total yield of broccoli in the cultivation under cover was achieved from plots mulched with buckwheat straw. In noncovered objects slightly higher yields compared to remaining kinds of straw, but significantly higher than in control plot, were noted for soil mulching with corn straw.

3

How soil temperature regimes change as the climate warms – short communication

86%

Karvonen J.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Environmental Development

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2020

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tom 23

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nr 1

4

Concept of soil temperature coefficient for determining spatial distribution of soil temperature, using physiographic parameters of the basin and artificial neutral network (ANN)

86%

Kruk E., Malec M., Klatka S., Brodzinska-Cygan A.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus

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2018

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tom 17

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nr 2

The paper presents the concept of soil temperature coefficient, as a ratio of soil temperature in the given point on the area of a basin and soil temperature in the basal point located within the watershed. For modelling the distribution of the soil temperature coefficient depending on selected soil and physiographic parameters, artificial neural networks (ANN) were used. ANN were taught based on empirical data, which covered measurements of soil temperature in 126 points, in the layer of soil at the depth of 0–10 cm, within the area of the Mątny stream basin located in the Gorce mountain range of West Carpathians. The area size of the basin amounts to 1.47 km2. Temperature was measured by means of a TDR device. The soil and physiographic parameters included: slopes, flow direction, clay content, height above sea level, exposition, slope shape, placement on the slope, land-use, and hydrologic group. Parameters were generated using DEM of 5m spatial resolution and soil maps, using the ArcGIS program. The MLP 10-8-1 model proved to be the best fitted neural network, with 8 neurons in the hidden layer. The quality parameters were satisfactory. For the learning set, the quality parameter amounted to 0.805; for the testing set, 0.894; and for the validating set, 0.820. Global sensitivity analysis facilitated the assessment of percentage shares, contributing to the soil temperature ratio. Land use (25.0%) and exposition (20.5%) had the highest impact on of the aforementioned ratio, while the placement on the slope and flow direction had the lowest impact.

5

Impact of temperature on the biological properties of soil

86%

Borowik A., Wyszkowska J.

International Agrophysics

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2016

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tom 30

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nr 1

6

Physical and mathematical ponderability of temperature measurement's frequency in environmental engineering

86%

Kowalski W.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus

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2014

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tom 13

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nr 2

The paper discusses circumstances that lead to improper measurements of temperature: without appropriate consideration to the context of physical phenomena occurring in nature or without appropriate awareness of mathematical principles; all of which results in data misinterpretation. Based on the conducted discussion, it can be stated that measurements and analyses of thermal phenomena, which are time-varying processes, should be performed using the same principles and tools as in the identification of dynamic processes, such as the Nyquist theorem.

7

Yield of early potatoes as depended on the term of nonwoven textile removement

86%

Dvorak P., Hamouz K.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2008

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tom 530

In the two-year field trials the effect of row covering of early potatoes were investigated on the total tuber yield and the yield of ware potatoes. Experiments were performed with cv. Adora at the Přerov on Labem locality in the Czech Republic. Row covering with textile positively influenced the yield of ware potatoes during harvest 67 days after planting (in the variant with the textile removed on 25th day after planting it was 20.1% higher as compared to the variant when the textile was removed on 45th day after planting).

8

The soil drying along the increase of warming masks the relation between temperature and soil respiration in an Alpine meadow of Northern Tibet

86%

Shen Z.-X., Wang J.-W., Sun W., Li S.-W., Fu G., Zhang X.-Z., Zhang Y.-J., Yu C.-Q., Shi P.-L., He Y.-T.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2016

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tom 64

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nr 1

A warming experiment with two magnitudes was performed in an alpine meadow of Northern Tibet since late June, 2013. Open top chambers (OTCs) with two top diameters (0.60 m and 1.00 m) were used to increase soil temperature. Soil respiration (Rs) was measured during the growing season in 2013–2014. The OTCs with top diameters of 1.00 m and 0.60 m increased soil temperature by 1.30 and 3.10oC, respectively, during the whole study period, but decreased soil moisture by 0.02 and 0.05 m³ m⁻³, respectively. However, the two patters of OTCs did not affect Rs. These results implied that a higher warming did not result in a higher Rs but a greater soil drying. Therefore, a higher warming may not cause a higher soil respiration, which was most likely due to the fact that a higher warming may result in a greater soil drying.

9

Rye intercrop management in transplant tomatoes

86%

Jelonkiewicz M., Borowy A.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2000

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tom 22

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nr 3

10

Seedling survival and dynamics of upper timberline in Central Apennines

72%

Catorci A., Scapin W., Tardella F. M., Vitanzi A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 1

Despite several studies on the timberline dynamics in Europe were carried out in the last decades, very few papers refer to mountain areas where the timberline is composed of broadleaved trees, and no research was conducted on the dynamics of Apennine beech timberline in relation to seedling survival. The research aim was to analyse the beech wood timberline dynamics in the central Apennines, with reference to seedling survival. Furthermore, factors affecting seedling survival were identified. To assess the forest ecotone dynamics, vegetation layer cover, rock fragment cover and information about forest management and krummholz occurrence were collected in sampling plots placed over 1,600 m a.s.l., on north-facing slopes. The beech seedlings occurring in Brachypodium genuense-dominated stands above the timberline were counted and monitored along two growing seasons. Soil temperature, soil moisture, and photosynthetically active radiation available for seedlings (PHAR) in grasslands above timberline were measured. The research outputs indicate that timberline is not a natural boundary and that there is no evidence of its extension upwards. The greatest number of beech seedlings was recorded in late spring. The one-year mortality rate ranged from 71 to 100%. None of the seedlings still alive in the early autumn of the first year were recorded in the following spring. The competitive exclusion by Brachypodium genuense individuals, which limit the incident PHAR, and the low soil moisture during summer, were identified as the main factors that account for the high mortality of seedlings and affect beech regeneration above timberline. The effect of competition is probably intensified by the lack of pioneer shrubs which could otherwise serve as nurse plants for beech seedlings and protect them from browsing by wild ungulates. Thus, both the current and the past land use may be considered as driving forces in timberline dynamics. Probably, also the trend of global warming, that in the Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean climatic context would determine the increase of summer drought stress, could worsen the effect of competitive exclusion of beech seedlings, so that it can be hypothesized that the expansion upwards of the upper timberline in the Apennines could be totally blocked.

11

Wplyw temperatury w pelni sezonu wegetacji na plon ziemniaka

72%

Lutomirska B.

Ziemniak Polski

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2005

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tom 15

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nr 4

16-20

12

Daily course of the soil temperature in summer in chosen ecosystems of Słowinski National Park, northern Poland

72%

Bednorz E., Kolendowicz L.

Quaestiones Geographicae

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2010

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tom 29

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nr 1

13

Analysis of thermal diffusivity data determined for selected organic topsoil layer

72%

Gnatowski T.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation

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2009

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tom 41

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nr 2

95-107

14

Modelirovanie prirodnogo temperaturnogo polja poverkhnostnykh sloev zemli

72%

Shevchenko I., Kovyazin A.

Motrol. Motoryzacja i Energetyka Rolnictwa

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2013

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tom 15

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nr 3

Разработан алгоритм, позволяющий моделировать природное температурное поле поверхностных слоев Земли для различных природно-климатических условий и грунтов различной температуропроводности. На примере условий Запорожского региона определена глубина годовых колебаний температуры грунта.

15

Decomposition of fine woody debris from main tree species in lowland oak forests

72%

Ostrogovic M. Z., Marjanovic H., Balenovic I., Sever K., Jazbec A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2015

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tom 63

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nr 2

Decomposition is an important carbon flux that must be accounted for in estimates of forest ecosystem carbon balance. Aim of this research is to provide estimate of fine woody debris decomposition rates for different tree species and sample sizes also taking into account the influence of specific microsite meteorological conditions on decomposition rates. In this paper we present results of the first two years of the experiment designed to last six years. Study was conducted in managed lowland oak forest in central Croatia. Decomposition rates (k) of fine woody debris (diameter 0.5–7 cm) for four species (Querus robur L., Carpinut betulus L., Alnus glutinosa Gaernt., Fraxinus angustifolia L.) in four size classes were estimated using litter bag method and mass loss equation of Olson (1963). Overall average k in our study was 0.182 ± 0.011 year-1. Results indicate that decomposition rate is affected by the size of the debris, with the smallest diameter branches (<1 cm) decomposing is significantly faster (k = 0.260 ± 0.018, P <0.05) than the larger one. Tree species from which debris had originated also affected decomposition, although to a lesser extent, with hornbeam samples having significantly (P <0.05) higher average decomposition rate (0.229 ± 0.028), compared to that of ash samples (0.141 ± 0.022). Proportion of variability in k explained by variables ‘species’ and ‘size class’ was assessed with general linear model (R² = 0.644) also taking into account variables like soil temperature and soil water content. Sample size class explained 22.2%; species explained only 9.4%, while soil water content and temperature combined explained 32.8% of the variance of k. Rate constants obtained within this study might be useful in modelling ecosystem carbon balance for similar lowland forest ecosystems in Europe.

16

The influence of mulching with perforated black foil on growth and bearing of apple-trees

72%

Stojanowska J.

Fruit Science Reports

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1987

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tom 14

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nr 2

17

Comparison of the variation of soil respiration in carbon cycle in temperate and subtropical forests and the relationship with climatic variables

72%

Shi Z., Zhang Y., Chen B., Zhou W., Du E., Fang J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2015

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tom 63

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nr 3

Forest soil respiration (SR) has become a vital issue in global change ecology because of its critical role in global warming processes. However, SR remains the least understood component of the terrestrial carbon cycle because of its high spatial-temporal variability, inaccessibility of the soil substrate, and the high cost of measurement equipment. This study investigated the spatial and temporal variations of SR in six temperate and subtropical forest sites in eastern China. Seasonal variations of SR, the relationship between SR and soil temperature (ST) and volumetric water content (SW) were analyzed. Mean monthly SR varied seasonally and peaked in summer. SR varied temporally with ST (R² = 0.43∼0.79) in different sites and varied spatially with latitude (R² = 0.68). The responses of SR to the changes of SW varied across different sites and forest types. Their relationships were simulated by piecewise functions in the north three sites. The modules of ST and SW showed that ST is the dominant environmental factor in regulating seasonal dynamics of SR. This study is the first to examine the temporal and spatial variations of SR using a consistent method in situ in temperate and subtropical forests in eastern China. The results provide a scientific basis for accurately assessing future soil CO₂ efflux as a result of climate changes, and aid predictions of the changes of forest SR.

18

Evaluation of the possibility of the estimation of bare soil temperature on the basis of air temperature measurement

72%

Michalska B., Nidzgorska-Lencewicz J.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura

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2009

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tom 08

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nr 4

Basis of the study was made up of the results of automatic, hourly measurements of air temperature and bare soil temperature originating from the agrometeorological station in Lipnik (53°21’ N; 14°58’ E, 30 m AMSL) from the period of 2001-2005. Basing on the results of the linear regression analysis, relationships for particular months were determined between daily soil temperature at four depths and air temperature set in seven different combinations. It was stated that the highest possibilities of daily soil temperature prediction in profile to 50 cm are characteristic for the air temperature that is the average from 24 hourly measurements. Average absolute differences between the actual soil temperature and the one calculated from equations for this relation oscillate in the particular months between 1.3°C at the depth of 5 cm and 0.5°C at the depth of 50 cm. On average, the smallest differences apply to the warm half of the year and the depth of 50 cm. It was shown that significantly smaller possibilities of the estimation of daily soil temperature values are characteristic for daily air temperature amplitude.

19

Soil respiration in response to a short-term nitrogen addition in an alpine steppe of Northern Tibet

72%

Sun J., Cheng G., Fan J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2013

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tom 61

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nr 4

Northern Tibet has a vital role in global ecological security. This study determined the effect of environmental factors on the soil respiration of an alpine steppe. Short-term nitrogen addition (2 g N m⁻² yr⁻¹) was performed in an alpine steppe in Northern Tibet in June, 2011. Soil respiration was observed during the growing season of 2011 using LI-8100. The results were as follows. First, soil respiration had clear seasonal patterns, and significant differences existed between the control (CK) and nitrogen addition (ND) treatments (P = 0.004). Second, soil respiration was more sensitive to soil temperature (R² = 0.988, ND; R² = 0.05, CK) than soil moisture (R² = 0.0003, ND; R² = 0.038, CK), and the relationship between soil temperature and soil respiration in ND treatment was more significant than that in CK. Third, the relationships between soil chemical properties and root biomass in CK were greater than that in ND plots, especially the relationship of root biomass with the available nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. These results indicated that differences among geographical conditions resulted in different phenomena of gas emissions, immature soil, and extremely short plant growing time, which may all be remarkably influenced in an alpine steppe.

20

The effect of soil moisture and temperature on efficacy of seed dressing preparations Biochikol 020 PC and Baytan universal 19,5 WS in control of Rhizoctonia fungi on wheat

72%

Zoltanska E.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2006

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tom 46

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nr 3

261-268

The effect of biopreparation Biochikol 020 PC on linear growth of mycelia of two Rhizoctonia isolates was tested under laboratory conditions along with that of fungicide Baytan Universal 19,5 WS for comparative purposes. Complete retardation of mycelial growth of both isolates was observed in case the application of fungicide Baytan Universal 19,5 WS at the concentration of 0.1% and a considerable growth inhibition was stated at the temperatures of 10°C and 30°C. The effect of seed dressing with the above mentioned preparations on plant infestation by Rhizoctonia fungi was tested in a greenhouse experiment on two cultivars of spring wheat: Banti and Ismena. Baytan Universal 19,5 WS reduced plant infestation especially at the highest soil moisture content of 20 kPa. Biopreparation Biochikol 020 PC and diversification of soil moisture levels did not result in a reduction of wheat infestation rate. This biopreparation stimulated the increase of root mass of both cultivars at moisture content of 20 kPa.

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