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Soil mechanical resistance measurement by an unique multi-cone tips horizontal sensor

100%

Sharifi A., Mohsenimanesh A.

International Agrophysics

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2012

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tom 26

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nr 1

Amulti-tips horizontal sensor was developed and mounted horizontally on a tine face by shafts. The length of shafts was reduced from top to down the tine. The developed system was evaluated in the controlled soil bin laboratory conditions with clay loam soil and uniform soil moisture content. The experiment was designed with soil compaction at three levels of uniform and nonuniform soil compaction in completely randomized block design with four replications. Vertical standard penetrometer was also used to compare with horizontal sensor data at whole working depth of 0 to 400 mm. The results indicated that there is a correlation with R2 = 0.86 between soil cone penetrometer values and the horizontal soil mechanical resistance measurement system data. It can be concluded that the idea of reducing the length of the tips from top to down the tine face would give promising results.

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Sensitivity of soil enzymes to excessive zinc concentrations

86%

Borowik A., Wyszkowska J., Kucharski J., Bacmaga M., Boros-Lajszner E., Tomkiel M.

Journal of Elementology

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2014

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tom 19

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nr 3

The sensitivity of soil enzymes to soil contamination with zinc was analyzed. A laboratory experiment was performed on sandy loam at pH 7.0, sampled from arable land at a depth of 0 to 20 cm. Soil samples were passed through a sieve with 2 mm mesh size and contaminated with the following zinc doses: 0, 300, 600, 1200 and 2400 mg Zn2+ kg-1 soil. Zinc was applied in the form of aqueous solution of ZnCl2. Soil was mixed thoroughly with zinc, and its moisture content was brought to 50% capillary water capacity. The samples were incubated at 25°C. Beakers with soil samples were weighed once a week to replenish evaporated water. The activity of soil enzymes: dehydrogenases, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, catalase, arylsulfatase and b-glucosidase, was determined after 15, 30, 60 and 120 days of the experiment. The results were used to calculate soil resistance (RS), ED20 and ED50 values. The results of the study indicate that soil enzymes are characterized by varied sensitivity to excessive zinc concentrations, and that the RS index is a reliable measure of enzymatic responses to zinc pollution. The analyzed enzymes were classified in the following decreasing order in terms of their resistance to zinc: b-glucosidase> acid phosphatase > urease >arylsulfatase = alkaline phosphatase> catalase > dehydrogenases. Zinc continued to exert a negative effect on soil enzymes throughout the experiment (120 days). ED20 values for the analyzed enzymes in mg Zn2+ kg-1 DM soil were determined at: 103 for dehydrogenases, 184 for alkaline phosphatase, 233 for urease, 247 for arylsulfatase, 416 for acid phosphatase, 419 for catalase and 1373 for b-glucosidase.

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Simplified technique for the determination of soil aggregation in assessing the resistance of soils to erosion and deflation

72%

Grigoriev V., Piechnik L., Podsiadlowski S.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation

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2008

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tom 39

The technique provides for the determination of the size and percentage of aggregates of the coarse fraction on the surface of a friable soil followed by the determination of the aggregation index to be used in assessing spatial and temporal resistance of soil to erosion and defl ation. The uses of this technique make routine sampling and aggregate analysis after Savvinov unnecessary. Its some outcomes for soils of Poland are given.

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Effects of soil moisture and nickel contamination on microbial respiration rates in heavy metal-polluted soils

72%

Morawska-Ploskonka J., Niklinska M.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2013

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tom 22

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nr 5

Soil microorganisms may be both sensitive and resilient to various disturbances. The effects of a single stressor on soil microorganisms have been well studied, but only limited research has been carried out to test the effects of simultaneous action of diverse stressors. Soil samples were collected from a long-term polluted zinc and lead site and an unpolluted site. Modeling studies assumed spiking soils with five different concentrations of nickel (400, 800, 1.600, 3.200, and 6.400 mg Ni·kg⁻¹ dry weight soil) and their incubation under different humidity conditions (10%, 75%, and 120% of water holding capacity). We wanted to test if additional environmental disturbances have a different effect on microorganisms from polluted and unpolluted soils. The study showed that after 30 and 120 days of incubation, increasing Ni pollution inhibited microbial respiration rate (R), both in unpolluted and long-term metal polluted soils, irrespective of soil moisture. After 30 days of the experiment, microbial communities in both soils demonstrated a similar response to the additional toxicant. However, after 120 days of exposure to Ni, microbial communities from the unpolluted soil showed much higher inhibition of R than microbes from the polluted soils (p<0.001). The results might suggest that Ni co-tolerance mechanisms occurred in long-term metal polluted microbial communities.

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Urease activity in soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

58%

Lipinska A., Kucharski J., Wyszkowska J.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2013

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tom 22

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nr 5

Urease activity was determined in soil contaminated with four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene in the amount of 0, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 mg·kg⁻¹ DM soil. Organic materials – cellulose, sucrose, and compost – were applied to the samples in the amount of 0 and 9 g·kg⁻¹ DM soil. The experiment was carried out in a laboratory, and soil samples consisted of loamy sand. Soil resistance (RS) and soil resilience (RL) were determined. Soil contamination with PAHs had an adverse effect on urease activity, and naphthalene had the most inhibitory impact on the studied enzyme. Urease activity was significantly determined by the dose of PAH, soil incubation time, and the type of organic material. Soil resistance to PAHs decreased with an increase in contamination levels. The addition of sucrose, cellulose, and compost increased soil's resistance to the toxic effects of naphthalene and phenanthrene. Soil resilience values indicate that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons cause long-term impairment of urease activity.

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Wykorzystanie naturalnej oporności gleb i podłoży oraz wyciągów roślinnych w ograniczeniu występowania chorób roślin ozdobnych

51%

Orlikowski L. B.

Progress in Plant Protection

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2010

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tom 50

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nr 3

A mixture of peat or composted pine bark with podsol or loam soils resulted in a significant decrease of development of Fusarium wilt of cyclamen and carnation. Amendment of peat with Fusaclean at the dose 1.6 g/l or Trichoderma spp. significantly inhibited the spread of Fusarium wilt of cyclamen and Phytophthora rot of gerbera. Regular fertilization of carnation with calcium and iron chelates strongly decreased the spread of Fusarium wilt. Amendment of medium with keratin-bark-urea extract already at the dose 1.6 μg/cm3 strongly inhibited sporulation of Phytophthora palmivora, whereas the application of extract at the dose 200 μg/cm3 as peperomia spray inhibited the development of necrotic spots on leaves about 75%. In vitro growth of Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi, Myrothecium roridum and Phytophthora cryptogea was inhibited from 45 to 100% when 500 μg/cm3 of Echinacea extract was added to PDA. The extract at the dose 0.1% used as Impatiens spray inhibited in 60% Myrothecium leaf spot development.

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

1 Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation

1 International Agrophysics

1 Journal of Elementology

1 Progress in Plant Protection

2 Kucharski J.

2 Wyszkowska J.

1 Bacmaga M.

1 Boros-Lajszner E.

1 Borowik A.

1 Grigoriev V.

1 Lipinska A.

1 Mohsenimanesh A.

1 Morawska-Ploskonka J.

1 Niklinska M.

1 Orlikowski L. B.

1 Piechnik L.

1 Podsiadlowski S.

1 Sharifi A.

1 Tomkiel M.

1 2014

2 2013

1 2012