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Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the basic soil parameters which takes part in many biological, chemical and physical soil processes and the SOC is currently considered as a key indicator of soil quality. For this reason determination of the SOC is a part of soil complex monitoring which has been performed in Slovakia since 1993. From 1993 until 2007 the “wet” method of determination of the SOC was used. Since 2008 the “dry” method for determination of the SOC has been applied. The goal of this work has been to evaluate and compare two methods of the SOC determination; the “wet”(Ťiurin method in modification of Nikitin (TN)) and the “dry” determination of the SOC by means of the CN analyser (EA), which was performed on 95 soil samples of topsoil coming from 17 sampling sites with a wide range of the SOC (1–15%). Sampling sites include arable lands and grasslands and represent main soil types and subtypes of Slovakia. On the basis of statistical processing it has been found that in soils with the SOC content up to 3%, differences between two methods are minimal. However, in the case of a higher content of the SOC, the EA method reaches a higher value than the TN method. Obtained data shows that in the case of soil samples with a higher content of the SOC, when changing an analytical method, the PTF function that reduces differences and allows to use all time series monitoring data should be used for the purpose of the tracking trends of the SOC monitoring.
This brief paper describes the history and conceptual framework underlying the research presented in the remaining papers in this volume. This project began in 1996 as an international effort to examine Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) ecosystem structure and function in one of the few accessible areas on earth where similar forested ecosystems exist over a 20° range in latitude. Widely predicted climate warming leads to serious concerns about how ecosystems may respond to stresses created by climate change. In order to recognize evidence of warming and to predict likely future responses, it is necessary to understand how ecosystems that are distributed along climatic gradients accommodate wide climatic differences. Few tree species are distributed as widely as Scots pine, which ranges over much of Europe. This species is ideal for investigations that address questions regarding climate change effects on forest ecosystem structure and processes. Its distribution over comparable sites extending from temperate to boreal zones (over more than 20° of latitude from northern Finland to southern Poland) permits characterization of this ecosystem over a relatively wide climatic range (covering a mean annual temperature difference of 9°C). This transect: 1) provides information concerning numerous ecological processes over this wide range of conditions; 2) serves as a template for the development, testing, and evaluation of specific ecological indicators related to climate change; and 3) allows evaluation, comparison, and projection of ecological properties and processes among similar ecosystems with varying climate.
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