Land use is characterized by the crop sequences, crop production technologies, including soil management. From the beginning of the soil disturbance, close correlation can be found between land use pattern and environment state. The land use systems were classified and grouped on the basis of the farming features and their impacts on soil and environment quality condition. Terms of the systems in Hungarian relation and in chronological order are as follows: early extensive (from the beginning till 1860), conventional (1860-1960), early intensive (1960-1980), integrated (1980-), modern intensive (1990-), modern extensive (1990-) and ecological (1989-). The land use systems can also be grouped by their environment capability. In environmental respect three of them are considered to harmful, two are medium and other two (integrated and ecological) are ranked to conservation. There are 11 important factors which help to identify the term of any land use system and to separate them consecutively, that are the crop, crop yield, productivity, fertilization, crop protection, chemical load, energy demand, equipment level, soil tillage, impacts on soil and environment and training demand. In this paper our current and past research is summarised to approach an environmental sound land use and to create and maintain harmony between soil conservation and crop production to meet Hungarian needs throughout the future.
Intensified production of apples makes a fruit grower establish an orchard immediately after grubbing up an old one. Then, if replanting does not occur, stands for new trees can be significantly affected by soil properties conditioned by a long- term way of its management. Another problem in horticulture is water deficit. Due to diminishing water reserves there is a need to improve sorption capacity of soils. The use of polymer supersorbents provides one of possible solution to the mentioned problem. The aim of the work was the assessment of the effect of a long- term application of herbicide fallow, black foil, black agrotextile and pine bark in trees rows in an old orchard, on growth and fruiting of apple trees ‘Ligol' planted immediately after grubbing up the old trees. Research also involved potential modification of the above effect caused by rootstock type: M.9, M 26 and P 60, as well as by additionally applied agrogel. The growth and yielding of young trees ‘Ligol', related to a long-term system of soil management in the old orchard, was highly diversified and depended on the type of rootstock and agrogel applied. Yielding of the trees was also connected with the year of cultivation.
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.