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The efficiency of a system based on porous tubes in maintaining soil water potential during water extraction by plants in growth chamber experiment was evaluated. The effect of porous tubes area, soil type and density on water flow through porous tubes as induced by various water potentials was evaluated. The rate of change of soil water potential in response to pressure change depends strongly on the area of ceramic tubes per soil volume. If rapid changes or precise control of soil water potential are needed, the area of ceramic tubes per soil volume should be large. Experiments in which porous tubes are used for maintaining water potential should reach a compromise between plant water demands and permissible disturbance caused by the presence of porous tubes in the soil environment.
The study presented here concentrates on the characteristics of the humous compounds of humic and fulvic acid fractions of ß-humus, originating from the typologically differentiated soils (podzolic soil and chernozem). The soils were chosen so as to emphasize differences between chemical structure and degree of aromatic nucleus condensation in the humous acids isolated from them. It was found that the structure of the humous substances isolated from the podzolic soil is characterised by the lowest degree of condensation of the aromatic nucleus and the lowest polymerisation, while the humous acids from the chernozem are characterised by the highest degree of condensation of the aromatic nucleus and the strongest polymerisation.
In spring 1996, four types of fallows were established on good wheat complex soil (classified as IIIa in the Polish soil classification system): sown with oriental goat’s rue (Galega orientalis, Lam.), traditional fallow, seeded with a mixture of oriental goat’s rue (Galega orientalis Lam) and smooth brome (Bromus inermis) and under smooth brome (Bromus inermis). This paper documents the results obtained in 2000-2004. Plant samples (4 x 1 m2) were taken from the fallows once every year at the same plant growth and development stage. The content of macroelements in the plant material was determined using conventional methods. The statistical elaboration of the results was based on the analysis of regression and correlation. The results proved that fallow under perennial plants is superior in activating and cycling nutrients to traditional fallow, overgrown with wild plants. On the other hand, when fallow soil is covered exclusively with a papilonaceous plant (e.g. oriental goat’s rue), it is more likely to experience transfer of nitrates (V) to ground waters. A good solution to this problem could be sowing fields which are set aside as fallows sown with a mixture of oriental goat’s rue and smooth brome. Soil protected by these two plants remains fertile and does not create an ecological risk caused by migrating N-NO3.
This study was addressed to environmental factors significantly influencing the habitat preferences of endemic species and to obtain a model of their common habitat preferences in the Aglasun district. The district, covering an area of 55,000 hectares, is located in the lakeland subregion of the Mediterrranean region, Turkey. Data were collected from 199 sample plots (20 × 20 m ) and in total 40 endemic taxa was recorded in 124 plots which include minimum one endemic species. Wilcoxon rank-sum statistic and Pearson chisquared tests were used for continuous and categorical explanatory variables, respectively. The factors playing important roles in habitat preferences of endemic species were following: altitude, radiation index, soil texture, landscape position and landform. Generalized additive model was used for modelling the habitat preferences of endemic taxa. To obtain the best model, all significant environmental factors were evaluated by selecting stepwise option. Finally, the best model was obtained (training AUC = O.816, and crossvalidation AUC = 0.800) by using altitude and landform variables.
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