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This work presents the results of research on the influence of aggregate structure of the arable layer of rendzina in shaping its hydrophysical characteristics, i.e: - the ability of retaining water in the process of drying and wetting, water conductivity in the saturated and unsaturated zones; and the ability of returning water to the atmosphere. A close interdependence between the dimensions of rendzina aggregates, and all the above mentioned hydrophysical characteristics, was noted in the present research.
The measurement of respiration activity of microorganisms in particular aggregate fractions for 3 soils was performed. And an attempt was made to determine the relation between the quantity of bacteria and fungi. The correlation between the size of aggregates and respiration activity of microorganisms was found out.
The paper presents the results of a study on the effect of the size of mineral-moorsh soil aggregates on water conductivity in the saturated and unsaturated zone. It was found that water conductivity coefficients in the saturated zone of mineral-moorsh soil increase with the size of aggregates. The water conductivity coefficients in the unsaturated zone decrease with the size of aggregates from 0.9 10² cm day⁻¹ at pF 0.4 to 0.3 10⁻⁵ cm day⁻¹ for pF 4.2 for aggregates less than 0.25 mm, and for aggregates of 5-10 mm – from 4 cm day⁻¹ at pF 0.4 to 0.8 10⁻⁹ at pF 4.2. Water conductivity coefficients in the unsaturated zone increase with increasing water content and this increase is especially notable between 8 and 22% vol. and above 40% vol. of moisture for all investigated aggregates.
The study aims to elucidate the impact of organic inputs on strength and structural stability of aggregates in a sandy loam soil. Tensile strength, friability and water stability of aggregates, and the carbon contents in bulk soil and in large macro (>2 mm), small macro (0.25-2 mm), micro (0.053-0.25 mm) and silt+clay size (<0.053) aggregates were evaluated in soils from a long-term experiment with rice-wheat rotation at Modipuram, India, with different sources and amounts of organic C inputs as partial substitution of N fertilizer. Addition of organic substrates significantly improved soil organic C contents, but the type and source of inputs had different impacts. Tensile strength of aggregates decreased and friability increased through organic inputs, with a maximum effect under green gram residue (rice)-farmyard manure (wheat) substitution. Higher macroaggregates in the crop residue- and farmyard manure-treated soils resulted in a higher aggregate mean weight diameter, which also had higher soil organic C contents. The bulk soil organic C had a strong relation with the mean weight diameter of aggregates, but the soil organic C content in all aggregate fractions was not necessarily effective for aggregate stability. The soil organic C content in large macroaggregates (2-8 mm) had a significant positive effect on aggregate stability, although a reverse effect was observed for aggregates <0.25 mm. Partial substitution of nitrogen by organic substrates improved aggregate properties and the soil organic C content in bulk soil and aggregate fractions, although the relative effect varied with the source and amount of the organic inputs.
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