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The aim of the study was to compare the course and dynamics of strongyles invasions in a year-long cycle in primitive Polish horses of different ages and sexes from one breeding farm. Studies were carried out on 15 mares, 5 stallions, 6 geldings, 17 young mares (1.5-2 years old) and 14 colts (the same age as the mares). All the animals were treated twice with anthelminthics: first in December 2003 with Equimax and second in May 2004 with Abamitel Plus. Samples of faeces were taken at monthly intervals and examined using the flotation method according to Fulleborn and McMaster. All the horses had been infected before treatment with strongyles. The intensity of invasion ranged from 40 to 980 eggs per gram of faeces. The extent of invasion did not change significantly in the horses after the first or second treatment - only its intensity diminished. The intensity of invasion in stallions was very minor, whereas there was no considerable elimination of strongyles in mares remaining at pasture from May to October. The only decrease in the number of eggs in faeces was ascertained in January and then in July. In August, however, there was a considerable increase in the invasion which peaked in November. A significant decrease in the strongyles invasion occurred after the first treatment in colts and it completely waned in the young mares, but then its intensity increased slowly in the latter group and peaked in May. The invasion significantly decreased following the next treatment, but only for the month of July, whereas it began increasing from August and was the highest in young mares in October and in the colts in November. In the case of geldings the intensity of strongyles invasion was minor until July and only increased in August and September with its peak occurring in December. The results of both the study as well as those of authors quoted in the article suggest that in order to attain a significant decrease of strongyles invasions horses should be treated not only during autumn-winter (November-December) and before the grazing season (May), but also at the turn of July-August.
The aim of the study was to compare the course and dynamics of strongyles invasion in treated and untreated primitive Polish horses. Grovermina paste (ivermectin) was used in September for treating horses from a group of stables. One month following the treatment the extensiveness of strongyles invasion in the mares decreased to 19% and the following month it had increased to 71%. From December the eggs of the nematodes were observed in the faeces of all the mares. The lowest intensity of invasion was in October, following which it slowly increased. In March it was similar to its state prior treatment. In stallions from the same group, the eggs of strongyles were not found in all months except October. In horses from forest breeding, the eggs of the nematodes were found during the whole period of the study. In September, October and November their number in mares' faeces was considerably higher than in mares from alcove breeding, while in stallions it was elevated only in November. Based on the data obtained it was ascertained that the strongyles invasion reappeared after 2-3 months in horses during their period when they were kept in stables
The aim of the study was to assess strongylus invasions in mares during the first three months of pregnancy. Studies were carried out on 11 mares naturally infected with strongyles and divided into 3 groups: I - mares following 1-2 deliveries, II - 3-6 deliveries, and III - 9-10 deliveries. Each group was additionally subdivided into 2 subgroups: A included mares which had bred mare foals and B - mares which had bred stallion foals. Samples of excrement were collected during the following periods: 7 days before delivery and next at weekly intervals up to day 63, and then every two weeks up to day 115 following the delivery date. The intensity of strongyles invasions in the mares was directly related to the postnatal period, number of deliveries and even the sex of the foals. Analyzing the course of the strongyles invasion indicated that the greatest number of eggs were contained in the excrement on day 21 post delivery in the all the groups of mares breeding mare foals whereas a significant decrease in the amount of eggs was noted in mares breeding stallion foals on that day, and it only significantly increased on day 28. During the following gestations the intensity of the strongyles invasion was reduced up to day 42 in group A of the mares and day 49 in group B. A gradual increase in the number of eggs was observed up until day 77 e.g. there were 1000 eggs in group A on day 115 following delivery, and 796 in group B. Hormones produced in the estrus period and early pregnancy seem to affect the progress of Strongylidae invasions in mares.
Studies were carried out from January to December on a herd of primitive Polish horses consisting of a 17-year-old stallion, 8 mares (1-17-years-old) and 7 foals born in April, May and August. Recent excrement was examined by a flotation method according to Fulleborn and McMaster. Only an invasion of toothed strongyles occurred throughout the year in the stallion, its intensity fluctuating between 300 eggs/g of excrement (February) and 1300 in October. In mares, besides a permanent invasion of strongyles, eggs of Parascaris Equorum and tapeworms occurred in some months. The greatest number of eggs of strongyles in mares’ excrement was found in July (2700 epg) and November (1400 epg), and the lowest in February (200 epg). The eggs of Parascaris Equorum were detected in June in a one-year as well as a 17-year-old mare and in August in a 14-year-old one, while tapeworm eggs were found in a one-year-old mare in May and October and in a 17-year-old one in May and June. In the excrement of foals born in April, eggs of strongyles as well as Parascaris Equorum appeared in June. 100% of the foals were infected with toothed strongyles since September. The eggs of Parascaris occurred in June and July in the excrement of a 3-month-old foal and in September in all foals born in April and May. The tapeworm invasion was noted in one foal in September and in the second one in November. The intensity of toothed strongyles invasion in foals fluctuated between 30 epg (June) and 300 epg (July, November, December). The intensity of Parascaris Equorum and tapeworms was 20-300 epg and 20-60 epg respectively. The presence of a large number of toothed strongyles eggs and a considerably lesser presence of Parascaris as well as tapeworms in the excrement of the examined animals is connected with the environment where the primitive Polish horses have continually lived for over 50 years. It was also noticed that the intensity of invasion depends on sex, age and period of investigations.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of the pasture season on the level of strongyles infection in horses from a multi-herd farm. The investigations comprised Pure Blood Arabian horses: yearlings (n = 70-101), two-year-olds (n = 62-80) and mares (n = 141-148) kept in the pasture-housed system and dewormed twice a year, before and after the pasture seasons, with ivermectine. Fecal egg counts (Mc Master method) and larvae culture by Henriksen and Korsholme were conducted each year in April, June, August and in October in the years 2004-2006. Based on the obtained results, the mean prevalence of the infection (%), EPG and the percentage of cyathostomes or strongyles in Strongyliae community were calculated. The mean seasonal prevalence of the infection with small strongyles as well as EPG were the highest in 2004 and were consistently dropping in all groups of horses in the following years. Two-year-old horses were infected the most: on average they have been expelling 1630 EPG in 2004 while only 165 EPG in 2006. A high strongyle egg count in horses in the autumn has an influence on a high level of the infection in the spring of the following year. Consequently, a low level of strongyles infection in the autumn causes a low egg output in the spring of the following year. Larval differentiation revealed a dominance of small strongyles (Cyathostominae), whereas the population of large strongyles (Strongylinae) was lower than 1%. The dropping level of strongyle infections in horses observed in the studies in the subsequent years might have been caused by climatic factors (high temperature and low humidity), which did not favor the development and survival of infective strongyles larvae on pastures.
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