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The aim of the investigation was the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol (as a model drug) in plasma and saliva in calves at different ages. The experiment was carried out on 15 healthy calves of BW (Black-and- -White) breed. Paracetamol (5 mg/kg bw.) was administered per os on the tenth, twentieth and fourteenth days of the calves' lives. The concentration of the model drug in the plasma was determined by the spectrophotometric method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a non-compartmental method by means of the TopFit computer program. It was determined that paracetamol concentration in the plasma and saliva was significantly different in many analyzed time points. Insignificant differences were observed in 10-day-old calves after 1.5, 2 and 3 hours after drug administration. In 20 and 40-day-old calves, insignificant changes were observed after 2 and 3 hours after paracetamol administrations. In all examined animals maximal paracetamol concentration was observed after 1 hour following drug administration. The obtained results indicate that saliva is not a good biological fluid for the determination the paracetamol pharmacokinetic parameters in calves.
The objective of the studies was an epidemic analysis of Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infections in various habitats and the evaluation of the results of diagnostic examinations of 1263 samples of blood serum, 187 samples of saliva and 187 samples of tears by the use of ELISA test. Comparative serological examinations of the presence of FeLV in serum, saliva and tears were done on 187 animals by the use of the ELISA kits (dr. Lutz, Zurich, Switzerland). Comparative examinations of the presence of FeLV were performed with the use of three different diagnostic ELISA kits on 67 animals. A mean idex of infection in a group of clinically normal cats was 3.8%, in cats living in groups 14.6%, while in cats showing various clinical symptoms 17.6%. Phyletic cats were almost twice as rarely infected than mongrels in a free-house system. The highest percentage of FeLV infections (17.8%) was found in cats living in groups at the age of less than 1 year and more than 8 years (17.1%), the lowest percentage of FeLV infection (11.4%) was noted in cats at 2, 3 and 5 years of age. Sex did not affect the percentage of infections, although FeLV infections were found twice as often in noncastrated (70.6%) than in castrated cats (29.4%). In females sterilization did not influence the percentage of FeLV infection. Estimating as 100% the number of positive results obtained with blood samples, 81.3% samples of saliva and 75.0% samples of tears were seropositive. These results point to the usefulness of saliva and tear samples for diagnostic tests. The noted full agreement of positive and negative results obtained in three compared diagnosis ELISA kits points to the sensitivity and specificity of the tests used.
This paper analyses the hypothesis that there is a link between the psychophysical traits of horses trained for racing and the level of cortisol in the saliva and performance results in competitions. Based on this hypothesis, the objective of the study was to analyse the correlation between the evaluations of the psychosomatic status and the concentration of cortisol and performance parameters in racing horses. The study was carried out with 30 Purebred Arabian horses (15 stallions and 15 mares), aged 34–38 months. On the initial day of the experiment, the horses were kept in the area of the Służewiec Racetrack where they had arrived 3–4 months earlier. The horses were examined once, 2–3 days before the planned start of the first race. The examination was carried out during a daily training session. The visual and behavioural scores for the psychosomatic status of the horse were scaled from 1 to 5 and assigned by a trainer three times. The first assessment took place directly after physical exercise, the second 15 minutes following physical exercise, while the third one was 45 minutes after physical exercise. The following features were included: the manner of perspiration and some organoleptic characteristics of sweat, abdominal movements, gaze, head position and body movements during handling. The saliva for cortisol concentration measurements was sampled three times at time points coinciding with the observation of the psychosomatic status of the horses. The concentration of cortisol was determined with the immune-enzymatic method. In addition, an analysis of the selected performance parameters was conducted. The multivariate analysis of variance for repeated measurements, t-Tukey’s test and Spearman's rank correlations were performed. It was demonstrated that the assessment of the psychosomatic status in Purebred Arabian horses may be applied based only on an analysis of some parameters determined directly after physical exercise or during the first minutes of resting (regeneration). These elements mainly include the manner of sweating and various organoleptic features of the sweat. It was also emphasized that non-observable body movements, calming down during handling, and regular abdominal movements are beneficial for stallions.
W slinie pacjentów z rozpoznanym klinicznie i histopatologicznie rakiem ptaskonabłonkowym w obrębie jamy ustnej oznaczono poziomy wybranych biopierwiastków: makro-i mikroelementów (Ca, Mg K, Na, Zn, Cu, Mn i Fe) porównując je z zawartościami w ślinie osób klinicznie zdrowych.
W pracy oceniono poziom magnezu w ślinie osób chorych na stwardnienie rozsiane. Badanie biochemiczne wykonano również w grupie kontrolnej. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono obniżony poziom magnezu w ślinie osób chorych w porównaniu z osobami zdrowymi. Wyniki badań mogą sugerować pewien związek ze stwardnieniem rozsianym.
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