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The study was conducted to examine slaughter parameters of three genotypes of meat type chicken: F1 crossbred derived from crossing of light hen of indigenous breed Greenleg Partridge with heavy meat type cocks, F2 crossbred being an effect of re-crossing obtained crossbred C x GP with meat type males and medium growing Hubbard JA 957, designed for a longer, 9-week production. Chicken were reared till 63rd day of age. Examined parameters were: dressing percentage, breast and leg meat yield and fatness. F1 crossbred (C x GP) were characterized by rather low body weight, typical for slow growing chicken and good musculature, especially breast. Re-crossing with meat type cocks affected significant (P < 0.01) improvement of the slaughter parameters. F2 crossbred (C x (C x GP) reached high body weight, typical for medium growing chicken. In comparison with Hubbard JA 957 F2 crossbred had lower body weight, the same dressing percentage, better breast and worse leg musculature, and less abdominal fat. High breast meat percentage in carcass and less fatness suggested, that these chickens can be used in meat production, as a medium growing material designed for a longer fattening period (9 weeks).
Seventy carcasses were assessed of sows slaughtered 31 days after the first farrowing. The carcasses were divided into three weight groups: less than 115 kg (n=24), from 115 to 125 kg (n=21) and above 125 kg (n=25). Generally, a rise in carcass weight was followed by an increase in backfat thickness and in loin eye area. However, significant intergroup differences were identified In this respect only between sows with the lowest carcass weight and those of the other two groups.An increase in carcass weight was also accompanied by a higher belly and backfat kontent of carcass and by external fat content of ham, with simultaneous lower proportion of neck In the carcass and of bones and meat content of ham. Meat from the lightest carcasses (up to 115 kg) showed significantly lowest dry matter and fat content. In the remaining two groups, the dry matter and fat contents of meat were higher and comparable. The content of the other chemical components as well as the values of physico-chemical traits of pork were similar in all groups. Meat from the heaviest carcasses received higher scores for tenderness and juiciness.
Assessment of slaughter value of sheep on the basis of linear measurements made on digital carcass images. The aim of this study was to develop a method of assessing slaughter value of sheep using digital carcass images.Research material consisted of 38 ovine carcasses. Carcasses were classified in the EUROP grading system in terms of muscle and fat and photographed from three sides and then computer image analysis were used. Analyzed data of linear and area measurements of sheep carcasses using computer image analysis and compare them with the results of slaughter analysis conducted by the conventional method. To compare obtained results statistical analysis was performed. The correlation between computer linear measurements and meat cuts weight and EUROP classification were examined. The preliminary analysis showed the possibility of using computer image analysis to evaluate the meat yield of sheep, and the resulting measurements are correlated to the proportion of meat cuts and tissues, but in order to obtain high accuracy results further studies are needed.
Effect of management system on production results and slaughter value of fatteners. The studies were conducted in the farm, possessing three management systems and production of fatteners on litter-free (SB), shallow litter (SPS) and deep litter (SGS). There were managed 200 (SB), 446 (SGS) and 883 (SGS) four-breed fatteners (Landrace x Large White) x (Duroc x Pietrain), with the preservation of standards in respect of environmental parameters. After completion of 2-stage fattening, in which full-ration mixtures (from body weight of ca. 30 kg up to 120 kg) were employed, the animals were slaughtered. The effect of management system on growth rate and feed conversion (FCR) and slaughter value of pigs was evaluated. Daily gains for fatteners managed in SB, SPS and SGS systems were equal to 983, 971 and 845 g and FCR amounted to 2.71, 2.63 and 2.97 kg. The obtained results may be considered as very good ones. The deaths did not exceed 2% what is a good result. Meatiness of the fatteners kept in three discussed systems was higher than 58%, was very good and comparable in the groups. Qualification of the carcasses to the appropriate classes in EUROP system occurred to be most favourable for SGS (93.44% carcasses in classes S-E) although in the case of SB, all carcasses were classified into classes with a higher meatiness, that is, S-U. The results of fattening confirm the advantages of floor management system and its main superiority as compared to the systems of deep and shallow litter, whereas the results of slaughter evaluation indicate rather certain advantages of deep litter system. It seems, however, justifiable to utilize - in practice – different solutions in respect of management of the fatteners, with the indication to litter-free system as being more favourable in respect of the obtained production results.
Effect of pre-slaughter body weight of fatteners on their slaughter value. Fattening of 79 three-breed pigs (Polish Landrace x White Polish Large) x Duroc was carried out. The animals were kept and fed in the standardized way. The research material was assigned to two experimental groups; the criterion for classification was body weight before slaughter (group A ≤ 100 kg, group B > 100 kg) (difference 15 kg; P ≤ 0.001). After slaughter, the loin “eye” height, backfat thickness and carcass meatiness were instrumentally determined by the EUROP system. Also, the tests concerning the quantity of LL muscle were performed, by determination of colour (L*a*b*), water holding capacity (WHC) and free drip. Chemical content of LL muscle samples were determined, including: dry matter, total protein, intramuscular fat, crude ash as well as participation of fatty acid groups: SFA, MUFA, PUFA n6, PUFA n3. The ratio of acids n6/n3, MUFA/UFA, MUFA/SFA and PUFA/SFA was determined. The pre-slaughter body weight affected the few slaughter and meat qualities. The carcasses obtained from lighter pigs were a by lower fattening, with the preservation of good meatiness. The content of intramuscular fat was higher in the samples of meat from the fatteners of group A as compared to the experimental group B (P ≤ 0.05). Any significant effect of body weight on the remaining chemical traits and the participation of fatty acid groups in the examined samples of LL muscle were not found.
The experiment was carried out on 24 turkeys fed for 16 weeks with standard feed diets supplemented with oxidised fat with peroxide values below 5, 50, 100 and 150 meq Cb/kg of fat in groups I, II, III and IV, respetively. The fat (rapeseed oil and poultry fat in 2:1 ratio) was oxidised in controlled conditions and supplemented to feed diets in amounts from 2 to 5% in the subsequent, 4-week, turkey fattening periods. Each group was then divided into two subgroups. One of them wasted with a mix supplemented with antioxidant Hadox dry preparation (0.125 g/kg of fat) containing butylhydroxyanisole and ethoxyquine. Bird slaughter analysis was completed and breast muscles were sampled for meat quality analysis. In the breast muscles the following parameters were determined: pH value, basic chemical composition, the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and in the muscle fat the fatty acid composition was analysed. The muscles underwent sensory evaluation with the use of the flavour profile method immediately after treatment in convection and steam furnace. The application of oxidised fat in the turkey feed mixture significantly decreased the bird body weight without degrading the carcass quality (except the increase in the amount of paraintestinal fat). The presence of the oxidised fat in the feed had an insignificant effect on the concentration of the unsaturated fatty acids in the breast muscle fat, however, it resulted in the increase in MDA and undesirable meat flavour profile changes. Additionally, supplementing the feed with Hadox dry antioxidant did not influence the results of turkey fattening and carcass quality, however, it decreased the concentration of MDA in the analysed muscles and reduced the intensity of the undesirable sensory properties.
The aim of this study was the evaluation of the growth of broiler chickens and their slaughter value from 1 to 42 days of age. The research material consisted of the Ross 308 chickens. At 42 days of rearing, the chickens reached the mean final body weight of 2229.9 g. During successive weeks of rearing, the weight of all elements, i.e. giblets, inedible parts and offal, increased with an increasing body weight of birds. At the same time, their percentage in the body weight decreased considerably, and the dressing percentage increased.At 42 days of rearing, the eviscerated carcass weight averaged 1697 g, the percentage of muscles was 46.7%, that of skin and fat was 11.0% and the remainders of the carcass (bones) accounted for 42.5%. During the rearing period, considerable changes in the tissue composition of carcass and their uneven growth were found. Moreover, the effect of age and type of muscle on the chemical composition of muscles was determined.
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