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The size of selected human skull foramina in relation to skull capacity

100%

Wysocki J., Reymond J., Skarzynski H., Wrobel B.

Folia Morphologica

2006

tom 65

nr 4

301-308

An anatomical study was undertaken in order to investigate whether the sizes of selected human skull foramina with significant venous compartments correlated significantly with skull capacity. A total of 100 macerated human skulls were examined to determine the diameter of the foramina and the skull capacity. Measurements of the surface area of the foramina were made using a computerised digital analysis system. Only the size of the hypoglossal canal and jugular foramen were found to correlate significantly with the capacity of the skull. This correlation, together with the considerable size of the hypoglossal canal, indicated its important role in the venous drainage of the brain. There was considerable centralisation of venous outflow from the brain, with 60% of the area of all venous foramina of the skull occupied by jugular foramina. Asymmetry between the right and left jugular foramina was identified, with an average ratio of 1.6 (ranging between 1 and 3.47). In the case of right-sided domination the correlation between the skull capacity and the size of both jugular foramina was negative (the larger the skull cavity, the less the asymmetry), while in the case of left-sided domination the correlation was positive. Perhaps the left-sided domination is less advantageous for the haemodynamics of blood outflow, as the left brachiocephalic vein is longer and is often compressed by the sternum and aortic arch.

The morphology of the hypoglossal canal and its size in relation to skull capacity in man and other mammal species

100%

Wysocki J., Kobryn H., Bubrowski M., Kwiatkowski J., Reymond J., Skarzynska B.

Folia Morphologica

2004

tom 63

nr 1

The hypoglossal canal is a permanent element of the human skull. As well as the hypoglossal nerve, the canal also contains the venous plexus and an arterial branch leading to the dura mater. It emerged from our earlier studies that the venous plexus is a dominant component in this canal. In the present work the morphology and dimensions of the canal were studied on macerated skulls of humans and animals (rhesus monkey, European bison, fox, dog, cat, hare and rat). The hypoglossal canal was found in all the human and animal skulls examined. In both humans and animals the hypoglossal canal was frequently duplicated. The double canal was found in 43% specimens of human skulls. However, no triple division of the hypoglossal canal was found in the material under investigation. It was found that the hypoglossal canal in man, rhesus monkey and European bison had significant dimensions and in fact correlated with the size of skull capacity. This suggests that the hypoglossal canal is an essential venous emissary in man, rhesus monkey and European bison, but that in the remaining species it is of secondary importance in this respect.

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Folia Morphologica

2 Reymond J.

2 Wysocki J.

1 Bubrowski M.

1 Kobryn H.

1 Kwiatkowski J.

1 Skarzynska B.

1 Skarzynski H.

1 Wrobel B.

1 2006

1 2004

Wyniki wyszukiwania

The size of selected human skull foramina in relation to skull capacity

The morphology of the hypoglossal canal and its size in relation to skull capacity in man and other mammal species