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The performance of thoroughbred horses results from a long-term selection for maximum gallop speed which is tested in races. Their results enable to evaluate trends in speed development and to estimate the breeding value of thoroughbred sires. Due to a low heritability of recorded race times and their high dependence on climatic, pedological and other factors, the performance of thoroughbred sires is most frequently specified on the base of subsidies, prize money or on the base of results of general handicaps (time form). According to authors of selection models, these performance characteristics have a medium coefficient of heritability. In our model of estimation of breeding value we have used both of them and results of the estimation of breeding value according to the criterion general handicap (GH) with a index of performance (IDP).
The aim of the study was to analyse inbreeding and relationship in the Polish population of Black-and-White sires. Data were pedigrees of 25 036 Black-and-White sires born from 1960 through 2000, divided into subsets of 11 447 proven and 13 589 unproven sires, and their 38 228 ancestors, altogether 63 264 animals. Average inbreeding coefficients were about 0.3% for both subsets of sires. Mean relationship coefficients ranged from 0.1% in all animals to 0.7% in the subset of proven sires. Positive time trends in inbreeding coefficients were observed when the subsets of sires were divided into 5-year intervals according to the year of birth and in terms of Holstein Friesian gene contribution.
The effect of the GC→AA polymorphism in the DGAT1 gene causing amino acid substitution (łysinę – K to alanine – A) was estimated on the breeding value (BV) of 89 Polish Holstein-Friesian sires. A fragment of 411 bp of the DGAT1 gene was analysed by RFLP (Cfr1) or MSSCP (screening for other substitutions). Only GC→AA in exon 8 dinucleotide substitution was identified causing K232A amino acid substitution. The frequencies of K and A alleles were 0.54 and 0.46, respectively. The KK genotype (compared to AA and KA) was found associated with higher BV for fat and protein content of milk and lower BV for milk and protein yields. Distribution of the polymorphism within the Holstein-Friesian population, as well as its effect on bull BV are discussed.
The length of gestation in Carthusian broodmares was calculated on the basis of 339 spontaneous full-term deliveries taking place in the 8-year period 1998-2005 from 158 broodmares and 29 stallions in a major farm of Spanish horses of Carthusian strain in southern Spain. Ultrasonography was used to determine follicular dehiscence, 1st day of pregnancy and to confirm conception in mares. Mean GL was 332.4 ± 12.1 days, and a normal interval of 297-358 days was established for this breed. GL records were grouped on the basis of foal sex (colts or fillies), mating month (between November and January; February and April; May and July), age of the mare (4 to 7 years; 8 to 12 years; 13 to 17 years), breeding year, stallion and parity (primiparous vs. multiparous). GLs were 12.9 days shorter in mares mated between May and July than those mated between November and January and 15.3 days in mares mated between February and April (p<0.001). Mares aged between 8-12 years had 5.3 days shorter GLs than those aged between 13-17 years (p<0.05). Pregnancy was significantly 5.7 days longer when the mare gave birth to colts than fillies (p<0.05). GL was 14.5 days longer in primiparous than in multiparous mares (p<0.001). No statistical differences in GL were found between the studied years. This study shows the influence of certain stallion on GL.
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