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1

Species abundance-distribution relationship: the differences among oak (Quercus liaotungensis Koidz) forest layers

100%
Feng Y., Ma K., Zhang Y., Anand M., He K.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2011
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tom 59
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nr 1
Species abundance-distribution relationship is currently a hot topic in community ecology. Previous studies have suggested that a positive abundance-distribution relationship is a widespread feature of ecological assemblage across a wide variety of organisms, but how this relationship varies among different functional groups remains unclear. In this study, the species abundance-distribution relationship in the tree layer, shrub layer, and herb layer were analyzed respectively in an oak forest (Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.), Beijing region, China. Ten transects were set up from the foot to the top of every west slope to create a continuous altitude gradient (1020– 1770 m). The width of each transect was 10 m and the length of each transect ranged from 80–200 m, depending on the altitude range and slope degree. This study area consisted of 119 quadrats, each 10 × 10 m2. Within each quadrat, three sub-quadrats (1m × 1m) were randomly selected for the inventory of herb layer. Our results showed that the relationship between local species abundance and the regional distribution was significantly positive while the frequency distribution was unimodal in the three layers, indicating that locally abundant species were widely spread whereas locally rare species had restricted regional distributions. Variance partitioning of species abundance showed that the contribution of environmental variation and spatial variation to regulating the species abundance-distribution relationship of different layers are different: the pure geographical variation decreased and the pure soil variation increased in the order of tree layer, shrub layer, to herb layer, while the response due to total soil variation was similar in all three layer communities. The distribution of tree layer and shrub layer are mainly influenced by large-scale factors while herb layer distribution is more likely determined by local-scale factors.
2

Spontaneous regeneration of the Carpathian beech forest in planted pine stands of the Roztocze National Park (the Roztocze Highlands, South-East Poland)

80%
Maciejewski Z.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2011
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tom 59
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nr 2
Directions and the scope of changes in the species composition of individual layers in secondary pine communities belonging to the class Querco-Fagetea Br.-Bl. & Vlieg. 1937 (tree stand, shrubs and vascular plants of the herb layer) observed at two study plots over almost 40 years (from 1971 until 2009) are discussed. Both tree stands were planted and they are in the phase of spontaneous regeneration towards a potential natural community – the Carpathian beech forest Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum Oberd. 1953. Species with greater light requirements (pine Pinus sylvestris L., aspen Populus tremula L., oak Quercus robur L., ecologically alien to the potential plant community, retreat from the tree and shrub layers. The share of tree species typical of the potential community (beech Fagus sylvatica L., hornbeam Carpinus betulus L., sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus L.) – in the tree stands increases. The rate of changes is particularly high for beech, while regression symptoms are noticed for fir Abies alba Mill.: a decrease in the abundance and share of fir in both tree-stands was recorded. A decrease in the abundance and frequency of the majority of species, including species characteristic of deciduous forests (class Querco-Fagetea) and beech forests (order Fagetalia sylvaticae Pawł.1928), and an increase in species typical of alder-ash riparian forests (alliance Alno-Ulmion Br.-Bl. & Tx. 1943) and nitrophilous communities were observed in the herb layer. Conversion treatment may reinforce the artificial character of the community because the species composition, as well as the spatial and age structure of the tree stands, can be arbitrary and therefore artificially formed during conversion (arbitrary applied size and order of regeneration clumps and areas). When anthropogenic communities are left undisturbed, processes affecting all phytocoenotic layers are activated and spontaneous forest regeneration usually begins. Therefore, tree-stand conversion used as a tool to restore natural community is not effective.
3

Structure of dominance among tree species in relic Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.) forests in Tatra Mountains

80%
Zieba A., Rozanski W., Szwagrzyk J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2020
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tom 68
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nr 2
4

First records of Emblyna brevidens [Kulczynski, 1897] [Araneae: Dictynidae] in Poland

80%
Hajdamowicz I.
Biological Letters
|
2006
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tom 43
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nr 1
5

Habitat use of the mountain hare Lepus timidus in summer: the importance of different vegetation layers

80%
Hiltunen M., Kauhala K., Linden H.
Acta Theriologica
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2004
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tom 49
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nr 4
The aim of the present study was to examine how the vegetation structure of the forest, shrub and field and ground layer affect the habitat use of mountain haresLepus timidus Linnaeus, 1759 in summer (May–September) in southern Finland. The structure of each vegetation layer in woodlots throughout the entire study area of 20 km2 was measured. We analysed the vegetation data using principal component analyses (PCA) that arranged the woodlots along a gradient within each vegetation layer. Data on habitat use was gathered between 1998 and 2000 from 11 radio-collared mountain hares. The core areas of the home ranges of hares were determined and the vegetation structure of these areas was compared with the mean of the entire study area (core area, periphery area and control area). A similar shrub layer gradient was identified by PCA for seven out of the 11 hares. Hares preferred thickets of willowSalix spp., downy birchBetula pubescens, and sprucePicea abies. The hares did not show a consistent preference for the forest and ground levels. The results suggest that dense understories are important in the mountain hare’s habitat use, probably because they offer both food and shelter.
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