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Analysis of microsatellite instability (MI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is rec­ommended for screening patients with sporadic and hereditary malignancies. This study shows an application of a fluorescent hexaplex PCR system for microsatellite typing on A.L.F. DNA Sequencer (Pharmacia Biotech). This technique detects changes in microsatellites providing a time-efficient, reliable and accurate method for MI and LOH analyses. The Fragment Manager software was used for automated size calculation and quantitation of DNA fragments, enabling rapid and precise mea­surement of allelic ratios. We examined 70 breast cancer and 70 control DNA speci­mens, classified all the patterns of microsatellite alterations, and set up MI and LOH assessment criteria for the automated multiplex fluorescent method.
Microsatellites (SSR - simple sequence repeats, STR - short tandem repeats, SSLP - simple sequence length polymorphism, VNTR - variable number of tandem repeats) are the class of repetitive DNA sequences present in all living organisms. Particular characterstics of microsatellites, such as their presence in the genomes of all living organisms, high level of allelic variation, co-dominant mode of inheritance and potential for automated analysis make them an excellent tool for a number of approaches like genotyping, mapping and positional clonig of genes. The three most popular types of markers containing microsatellite sequences that are presently used are: (1) SSR (simple sequence repeats), generated by amplifying in a PCR reaction with the use of primers complementary to flanking regions; (2) ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeats), based on the amplification of regions between inversely oriented closely spaced microsatellites; and (3) SAMPL (selective amplification of microsatellite polymorphic loci), which utilises AFLP (amplified fragment-length polymorphism) methodology, with one exception - for the second amplification, one of the starters is complementary to the microsatellite sequence. The usefulness of the three above-mentioned markers for numerous purposes has been well documented for plants.
As a goal of this paper, the assessment of genetic variability of Złotnicka White (ZW) and Zlotnicka Spotted (ZS), was chosen in order to verify the appropriateness of 11 tetrameric Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) panel for use in genetic resources of pigs. Analyses were carried out in sets of 91 ZW and 250 ZS pigs. Seventy-one alleles in ZW and 85 alleles in ZS were detected at all 11 STRs loci. An average number of alleles at locus (MNA) was 6.455 in ZW and 7.727 in ZS. An average number of effective alleles (MNe) was 3.532 in ZW and 3.431 in ZS. Observed heterozygosity Ho was 0.659 in ZW and 0.637 in ZS. On average, polymorphism information content (PIC) reached 0.639 and 0.619 per locus in ZW and ZS. The probability of identity of two independent samples PI using all 11 STRs loci in ZW amounted to 3.118 x 10⁻¹⁰ and to 5.921 x 10⁻¹⁰ in ZS while the probability of identity related individuals PISibs was 1.331 x 10⁻⁴ and 1.749 x 10⁻⁴ in ZW and ZS. The power of exclusion for loci combinations when both parents are known, when only one of the parent is known and for two putative parents P1, P2 and P3 were in ZW versus ZS 0.99903 v. 0.99887, 0.97998 v. 0.97654 and 0.99999 v. 0.99998, respectively. Identified estimates of stated parameters illustrate suitability of tetrameric STRs for practical application in the management of genetic resources, verification of parentage and traceability in ZW and ZS. Based on the results, we recommend the panel of tetrameric STRs loci as suitable for parentage, traceability and differentiation of subpopulations in genetic pig resources of similar history. Hₑ.
In this paper, we describe the isolation and characterization of two PC3 subclones. One subclone, mr, showed an epithelial phenotype, the other, M1, showed a sarcomatous morphology. Transplanted into nude mice, mr developed tumors at a dramatically faster rate than M1. Comparing the two subclones, differentially expressed genes were identified, including E-cadherin, IL-8 and STAG1/PMEPA1. These genes were expressed at higher levels in mr than in M1.
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