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July and September. The most efficient regeneration and axillary multiplication were achieved on the medium supplemented with meta-topolin. The application of BAP caused a lower regeneration potency of explants and resulted in a decrease of shoot quality with every subculture. Four of the six cultivars showed growth inhibition after three months of growth on BAP-medium. The highest multiplication rate (2.7-4.7 depending on genotype) and the high quality of shoots were noted on the medium supplemented with mT (0.5-1.0 mg l-1). It is also very important to note that mT had stimulating effect on organogenesis in P. × hederaefolium and P. × hortorum cultivars over the long term. Moreover, meta-topolin had no after-effect on the growth and inhibition of rooting. Only one cultivar ("Sofie Cascade") rooted better on control medium without auxin. In case of the other cultivars, IBA added in concentrations of 0.01-0.1 mg l-1 had a stimulating effect on root production. The higher level of auxin inhibited root formation, stimulated senescence of shoots and had a negative after-effect on acclimatization in greenhouse conditions.
The aim of the present research were histological analysis of regenerating structures through in vitro gynogenesis from unfertilized ovules of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). The process of shoot regeneration using a novel two stage method combines the preculture in liquid medium with the culture on solid medium. The highest number of explants that formed shoots (60%) was observed on medium supplemented with BAP, sucrose and gerlite, and as regards carbohydrates used in the medium most of explants forming shoots (42%) and the largest total number of shoots (110) was observed for glucose. To accurately determine the course of shoot formation, histological analyses were performed. Careful histologic evaluation of regenerating structures revealed the presence of numerous meristematic centres. In some meristems formation of specialized tissues and organs was observed, including epidermis, apical meristem, leaf primordia and tracheal elements. The analyses showed that the regeneration of the new structures from sugar beet ovules occurred both through organogenesis as well as somatic embryogenesis since the presence of somatic embryos in the globular stage or torpedo stage were observed.
A vanishing species in Poland - Plantago maritima L. was regenerated in vitro from tips of shoots (obtained in vitro) and from different explants of 4-week-old seedlings: seedling tips, hypocotyls, cotyledons, roots. Murashige and Skoog basal medium, supplemented with 0.6 pM indole-3-acetic acid in combination with cytokinins 6-benzyladenine, zeatin or kinetin, was used. The plants obtained in the result of micropropagation were normal in appearence. It was proved that Plantago maritima species was amenable to propagation from different kinds of explants. The method may be of significance for protection of sea plantain.
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