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1

Variation and correlations of leaf traits of two Taxus species with different shade tolerance along the light gradient

100%
Liu W., Li S., Su L., Su J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2013
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tom 61
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nr 2
The variations in leaf traits of Taxus species in different light conditions are still poorly understood. We sampled leaves of Taxus yunnanensis W. C. Chang L. K. Fu and Taxus chinensis var. mairei (Lemée and Lév.) W. C. Cheng and L. K. Fu along an illumination gradient (full daylight, 40–60% full daylight, <10% full daylight), and analyzed how seven leaf traits and their correlations changed under different light conditions. The leaf trait that showed the greatest variation was specific leaf area (SLA) for T. yunnanensis, followed by leaf dry mass (LM) for both taxa. The smallest variation was in leaf width (LW) for both taxa. Plasticities of all leaf traits in both taxa were higher than 50%, and those of leaf area (LA), LM and SLA were greater than 80%. The light gradient was positively correlated with leaf length (LL), LM, leaf dry matter content (LDMC), and leaf length to width ratio (LWR). LW and SLA were negatively correlated with the light gradient. Analyses of relationships among leaf traits showed that LM of T. yunnanensis, T. chinensis var. mairei and both taxa was positively correlated with LL, LW, LA, LDMC, and LWR, and negatively correlated with SLA under all light conditions. We concluded that leaf traits and their relationships were affected by light conditions.
2

Variation in structure of needles of silver fir [Abies alba Mill.] saplings growing under the canopies of diverse tree species

100%
Robakowski P., Samardakiewicz S., Kierzkowski D.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2004
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tom 52
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nr 4
Morphological and anatomical traits of needles of Abies alba saplings growing under the canopies of Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Betula pendula, Pinus sylvestris and Larix decidua were studied. An acclimation of the needles to different light conditions created by the principal species of the canopy was assessed using different microscopic methods. Length, width, needle area, stomatal density, parenchyma thickness, resin ducts diameter, central cylinder size and other traits of needles allowed to determine their structural plasticity in response to irradiance level. Leaf mass to area ratio, palisade parenchyma thickness, diameter of resin ducts increased, whereas width/thickness ratio and needle thickness/parenchyma thickness ratio decreased with increasing canopy openness. Variation in the investigated patterns of the needles reflected their structural plasticity and also an ability of silver fir saplings to acclimate to irradiance under the canopies of diverse tree species.
3

Morphological, anatomical and physiological leaf trait plasticity of Sesleria nitida (Poaceae) in open vs shaded conditions

80%
Puglielli G., Crescente M. F., Frattaroli A. R., Gratani L.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2015
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tom 63
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nr 1
An expression of plants response to light availability is their shade tolerance which refers to the capacity of a given plant to tolerate low light levels. Survival in a shaded environment can determine phenotypic consequences at morphological and/or physiological levels and such changes may be crucial to survive in heterogeneous and variable conditions. However, the potential plastic response of a given plant trait may be large but the observed plasticity may be lowered by resource limitations or environmental stress factors. In this context, the aim of this research was to analyze morphological, anatomical and physiological leaf traits variations of Sesleria nitida Ten. growing in different light conditions. In particular, plants growing in open (PO) and shade (PU) conditions were analyzed. The results show a 35% higher specific leaf area (SLA) in PU than in PO due to a 94% larger leaf area (LA). The higher height and width of the central and the major lateral vascular bundle in PO than in PU contribute to a higher net photosynthesis (PN) in sun than in shade conditions. Moreover, the 33% higher ratio between respiration (RD) and PN (RD/PN) in PU than in PO highlights the greater proportion of the carbon consumed by RD in the shade population requiring a greater metabolic effort for growth and maintenance. S. nitida in the shaded environment might be favored by the soil pH being a neutro-basophilous species and the larger soil water content (SWC) and mineral content contributing to maintain a positive carbon balance in this limiting condition. The plasticity analysis for open vs. the understory plants (mean plasticity index = 0.32) highlights the leaf trait variations useful to maintain a positive carbon balance where light availability is the main limiting factor. Knowledge of the capacity of S. nitida to first colonize and then modify its phenotype in response to the shade condition can contribute to a better understanding of its ecology.
4
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Micro-climate conditions, weed diversity, flowering and yield of young cacao plants as affected by shade regimes

80%
Babadele F. I., Agele S. O.
International Letters of Natural Sciences
|
2021
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tom 81
5

Variation in ultrastructure of chloroplasts in needles of silver fir [Abies alba Mill.] saplings growing under the canopies of diverse tree species

80%
Kierzkowski D., Samardakiewicz S., Robakowski P.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2007
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tom 55
|
nr 4
Ultrastructural traits of chloroplasts in needles of Abies alba saplings growing under the canopy of Larix decidua Mill. and Picea abies Karst. were studied. An acclimation of chloroplast from the palisade parenchyma to different light conditions created by the principal species of the canopy was assessed using transmission electron microscope and light microscope. A comparison of such chloroplast patterns as: number of chloroplast per palisade parenchyma section unite, chloroplast section surface, number of thylakoids per granum, number of grana per section surface of chloroplast, thylakoids section surface to stroma section surface ratio, number of osmophilic granules, and size of starch granules allowed to determine plasticity of the ultrastructures in response to irradiance level under each canopy. There was, for example, evidence that the number of thylakoids per granum was lower, whereas chloroplast section surface inversely, was higher at greater canopy openness. The investigated patterns of chloroplasts, which reflect their biochemical adaptations, might significantly affect photosynthetic capacity of the young firs. Their variation reflected an ability of Abies alba photosynthetic apparatus to acclimate to canopy shading at the ultrastructural level.
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