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The effects of powdered herbs (lavender Lavandula officinalis L., peppermint Mentha piperita L. and basil Ocimium basilicum L.) added to the food substances of three insect species: the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.), lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and the saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) on the life span and development of the three insect species as well as habitat conditions, sex structure, and the survivability of males and females were considered. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory at a temperature of 28°C and relative humidity (RH) 60 ±5%. In all the studied populations, high female mortality was found (♂/♀ < 1). The studied populations were: the rice weevil and the lesser grain borer cultured in wheat grain with herb additions, and the saw-toothed grain beetle cultured in semolina with herb additions. Among the herbs used, peppermint caused a significant effect in the form of increased mortality rates among females of S. oryzae and O. surinamensis. Lavender and basil had a similar impact among R. dominica females. The herbs applied in the experiments intensified the mortality of females and, consequently, led to the disappearance of entire populations.
The authors analysed selected biometric features of the wild boars harvested in the Zielonka Game Investigation Centre in 2004-2007, including the carcass weight, body length and height at the withers, with regard to age and sex. Some population attributes were also analysed, including age, sex and social structure.
Studies of the sex structure and recruitment rates of silver eels from a population occurring in natural conditions in a large lake complex were conducted in the 1985-1990 period based on a sample of 6998 specimens. The fish were caught in 60 connected lakes with a combined surface area of 300 km2 using box traps, cross traps, stownets on stakes and electric fishing. It was determined that the share of males in the eel population occurring in the lakes was barely 1.03%, and in the group of fish with body lengths (Lt) of up to 46.0 cm it was 3.17%. Silver and yellow eels were noted among both males and females. The share of silver eels increased from 0 to 100% in the body length categories from 39.0 to 46.0 cm among males and from 47.5 to 95.0 cm among females. In both instances, the dependence of the share of silver eels on the total length of the body was described with linear regression with a high correlation coefficient and high regression significance (P < 0.05). The studies indicated that in the lakes of northeastern Poland, which are located within a large complex that is permanently connected, the share of males is small and the recruitment of silver eels from this group occurs within a narrower and lower size range than it does in females.
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