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The aim of this paper was to examine the effects of chorfenvinphos on serum concentrations of transition metals, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (a lipid peroxidation index), and on the activity of superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes. Male Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5 x LD50 of chlorfenvinphos and samples were collected at 1, 24 and 48 hr after treatment. The experiments were approved by the Local Ethics Committee. We demonstrated a decreased concentration of copper serum, which is accompanied by the increased activity of superoxide dismutase. The changes observed in the concentrations of copper can be explained by its displacement from serum to erythrocytes. We also observed increased levels of zinc serum (after intoxication with CVP at doses of 0.02 and 0.1 x LD50) and iron, as well as enhancement in hydrogen peroxide serum and malondialdehyde concentration. The changes in serum Zn concentration probably resulting from cellular membrane damage and the increase in serum iron concentration, is probably caused by its release from haemoglobin. The changes of serum Fe levels seems to have no effect on lipid peroxidation. We concluded that in acute intoxication with chlorfenvinphos — organophosphorus insecticide, the non-cholinesterase mechanismes are involved.
Blood serum concentrations and excretion of oxytetracycline (OTC) into milk after the i.m. administration of long-acting preparations in adult ewes were studied. Four ewes were treated with L.A. Engemycin and four - with L.A. Tetravet. OTC was administered to animals in a single dose of 20 mg/kg of live weight. OTC concentrations in blood serum were determined 1, 6 and 24 hours and then 2 to 8 days after the treatment. The milk samples were collected from the morning and evening milking up to 166 hours. OTC was determined by the HPLC method with solid phase extraction. Significantly higher serum concentrations of OTC (p < 0.05) were recorded after Tetravet administration from the 24th hour to the 5th day. OTC was detected in blood serum up to the 5th day after Engemycin administration, and up to the 6th day after Tetravet administration. The OTC residues in milk reached their maximum mean concentrations after 24 hours (2.525, and 2.186 mg/I, respectively). Then the mean OTC concentrations rapidly decreased and the residues were below the maximum residual limit (0.1 mg/l) 96 hours after the administration. OTC residues were detected in the first group up to 144 hours (0.021 mg/l), and up to 168 hours (0.031 mg/I) in the second group. The results indicated on the influence of the vehicle (polyvinylpyrrolidone in Engemycin and dimethylacetamide in Tetravet) on the serum kinetics and time of excretion of OTC into milk of treated ewes.
Serum concentrations of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) and glycation end products (AGEs) were assessed with respect to functional compromise of liver, as determined by the Child-Pugh and MELD scores. Patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh B and C) exhibited significantly higher serum concentrations of AOPPs than both patients with compensated liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh A) and controls. The levels of plasma AGEs in all liver cirrhotic patients were higher when compared with those with the controls and this difference was statistically significant. Plasma total antioxidant status of the patients was significantly lower than that of controls. Significant positive correlations between AOPPs level and the MELD score and between the oxidative stress index and the MELD score were found in all patients with liver cirrhosis. Altered AOPPs levels in decompensated patients may influence the potency of oxidative stress and the progression of liver disease.
Serum concentrations of acute phase proteins can provide valuable diagnostic information in the detection and monitoring of disease. The available information on the acute phase response in cats with anaemia is limited. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate serum concentrations of haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, α1 acid glycoprotein and their clinical importance in cats with anaemia. Thirty-four anaemic cats and ten healthy cats were enrolled this study. After individual diagnoses had been established, the cats were divided into three groups (healthy group, haemolytic group and non-haemolytic group). Serum acute phase protein concentrations were analysed using specific commercially available test kits in an ELISA reader device. Serum amyloid A and serum α1 acid glycoprotein concentrations were significantly higher in the anaemic groups compared with the healthy group. Haptoglobin concentrations were significantly higher in cats from the non-haemolytic anaemia group than they were in healthy animals and those from the haemolytic anaemia group. Although serum haptoglobin concentrations were lower than in the healthy group, there was no significant difference between the haemolytic anaemia group and the healthy group. The results of this study suggest that serum amyloid A and α1 acid glycoprotein could be useful in the diagnosis and determination of inflammation in cats with anaemia. Serum haptoglobin depletion may be used for diagnosis of haemolysis in cats with haemolytic anaemia. In addition, this study has contributed to the limited data available on acute phase protein concentrations in cats with anaemia.
The impairment of homeostatic mechanisms in ageing becomes often apparent upon physiological or pathological stimulation. We have previously shown that fasting and refeeding revealed the existence of age-related changes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Because fuel metabolism is partially controlled by corticosteroids we decided to determine the effects of refeeding on adrenal gland morphometry, ACTH, and corticosterone serum levels in young (5 mo) and (20 mo) old male Wistar rats. Fasting for 48 h did not change serum ACTH and corticosterone in both age groups. ACTH level did not change after 24 h of refeeding in young and old rats. However, in old, but not young animals, refeeding resulted in the decrease of corticosterone serum concentration. The relative weight of adrenal gland (% of body weight) did not change significantly with age (p=0.05). Fasting for 48 h induced in old rats but not in young ones increase of relative adrenal weight, and the volume of the reticular zone. Refeeding reduced adrenal volume, fascicular zone and reticular zone. Refeeding for 24 h decreased the total volume of adrenal gland of old rats due to a decline of the volumes of fascicular and reticular zones. In young rats refeeding reduced the volume of reticular zone. It is concluded that refeeding revealed ageing-dependent decline in the secretion of corticosterone, the key hormone of prolonged stress response.
 Background. There is an increasing interest in the role of adipocytokines in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Aim. The aim of the study was to compare visfatin levels, a novel adipokine, in patients with heart failure (HF) due to the left ventricular systolic dysfunction with those in age- and body mass index (BMI) - matched healthy controls in relation to the parameters of glucose metabolism and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels. Material/Subjects and Methods. The study population consisted of 28 males with systolic HF referred for cardiopulmonary exercise testing, divided into two subgroups based on their NYHA class (HF patients NYHAI+II, n=17, and HF patients NYHAIII+IV, n=11), and 23 controls. The following indices were measured in a serum samples: visfatin, hsCRP, glucose and lipid metabolism parameters, and the insulin resistance index HOMAIR (homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance) was calculated. Results. Concentrations of visfatin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) in the HF subjects were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.01) than in controls. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences between three groups (controls and both subgroups of heart failure patients) in mean levels of visfatin, hsCRP, glucose, HOMAIR and HDL-cholesterol. Conclusion. Serum visfatin concentrations in patients with systolic HF, particularly with more advanced NYHA classes, are significantly lower in comparison to healthy controls and are independent of age or anthropometric and metabolic parameters.
Background. Adiponectin is a protein specific to visceral adipose tissue where its concentrations are reduced in type 2 diabetes and obesity. Many factors also determine serum levels of adiponectin such as gender, BMI, as well as diet. Objective. To compare the effects of consuming certain key foodstuff products on serum adiponectin concentrations between diabetic patients and suitable controls. Material and methods. A survey and laboratory testing was performed on 72 patients of whom (n = 21) were diabetics, whilst the control group, (n = 51) non-diabetics. Eating habits were assessed and serum adiponectin was measured in all cases. Results. Diabetic patients had significantly lower adiponectin levels compared to the control group; respectively (23.5±21.1 μg/ml vs. 36.5±21.1 μg/ml; p=0.02). Furthermore, women had higher concentration than men; respectively (41.3 μg/ml± 20.1 μg/ml vs. 22.0 μg/ml± 14.8 μg/ml; p=0.000). A high consumption of foodstuffs such as vegetables, vegetable oils, coffee and tea positively correlated with adiponectin concentration in serum, whilst a negative correlation was seen with consumptions of mixed bread, fried and baked dishes, alcohol, nuts and seeds. Conclusions. Serum adiponectin levels are related to factors such as gender, (higher in women), BMI, (higher in persons with normal body weight) and whether diabetic, (lower in people with diabetes). Multiple correlations were observed between the consumption of foodstuff product groups and serum adiponectin concentration. It is thereby suggested, that adiponectin could have a significant role to play in the treatment and prevention of diabetes and obesity.
The role of the innate immunity during human ageing is not well understood. The aim of the study was to estimate reactivity of NK (natural killer) cells in the very old (mean age 91 years) and old subjects (mean age78 years) compared to young individuals (mean age 26 years) in respect to the indices of the oxidative stress (telomere length of NK cells, serum content of –SH groups), serum total antioxidant status and serum concentrations of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-). The activation state of NK cells, reflected by telomerase activity and intracellular interferon (IFN) content, was also measured. We found that length of telomeres in NK cells and serum concentration of -SH groups decreased both in the old and the oldest subjects as compared to young individuals. The oldest seniors, on the contrary to the old ones, revealed similar level of serum antioxidant status as the young subjects. The serum level of IL-6, not detectable in the young subjects, did not differ in the oldest and old seniors. TNF- serum concentrations progressively increased with age. After stimulation, NK cells of both old groups showed higher intracellular levels of IFN than young subjects. IL-2-activated NK cells of the oldest seniors showed the highest increase of telomerase activity as compared to the other age groups. Serum level of IL-6 correlated positively with activation markers of NK cells. Moreover, in seniors but not in young subjects, the number of active, IFN-expressing NK cells, correlated positively with the serum content of the –SH groups. These findings indicate that sensitivity of NK cells to activation is maintained during ageing and this phenomenon may be related to the oxidative and inflammatory status of the elderly.
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