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A group of 180 patients with diagnosed Lyme borreliosis were examined for the presence of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (B. burgdorferi s.l.) by serologic tests with B. burgdorferi s.l. antigens (IgM-ELISA, IgG-ELISA, IgM-immunoblot, IgG-immunoblot) and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR, nested-PCR) for detection of B. burgdorferi s.l. DNA in peripheral blood. A total of 61.7%, 53.9%, 62.2%, and 59.4% of the examined patients’ sera showed positive or borderline results in the serologic tests IgM-ELISA, IgG-ELISA, IgM-immunoblot, and IgG immunoblot, respectively. The results of the tests IgM-ELISA and IgM-immunoblot were significantly correlated (p<0.001). A higher degree of the correlation (p<0.000001) was found at the comparison of results obtained with IgG-ELISA and IgG-immunoblot. The correlation between the positive findings in the IgM-ELISA and detection with IgM-immunoblot the diagnostically important B. burgdorferi s.l. OspC surface protein was relatively low but statistically significant (0.01B. burgdorferi s.l. antigen, the VlsE protein (p<0.000001). The presence of B. burgdorferi s.l. DNA was found by PCR in 20 out 180 examined blood samples (11.1%). No correlation was found to exist between the PCR results and the results of any of the serologic tests for detection of anti B. burgdorferi s.l. antibodies of IgM class. PCR results correlated significantly at a relatively low level (0.01Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato.
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Diagnostic value of different serological tests for tuberculosis in Poland

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The aim of the study was to test the diagnostic accuracy of several serological assays for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in the Polish population. ELISA based assays detecting: 38kDa+LAM - MycoM, MycoA and MycoG, 38kDa - Pathozyme TB complex, 38kDa+16kDa - Pathozyme TB complex plus were used. The humoral immune response was analyzed in a group of 319 TB patients (289 adults and 30 children) and in a control group consisting of 66 sarcoidosis cases, 16 cases of mycobacterial infections other than tuberculosis, 35 lung cancer patients, and 70 healthy volunteers. Among the TB patients, there were 267 cases of pulmonary TB and 52 cases of extrapulmonary TB. Sensitivity varied between 32% (IgM) and 63% (IgA) and increased in culture positive tuberculosis and in chronic cases. Specificity was the highest for the tests based on recombinant antibodies (98%). Sensitivity of the IgG test in extrapulmonary TB was comparable with that in pulmonary TB. Overall, sensitivity of the examined tests was lower in children than in adults, but it varied depending on the age and phase of the disease. We conclude that the ELISA-based tests may be a useful tool for improving the diagnosis of TB, especially in adults and in those countries where the prevalence of culture positive and chronic cases is high.
The study was undertaken to find out whether the detection of the IgA antibodies against T. gondii is a better serological marker of the acute phase of toxoplasmosis than the detection of IgM. Eighty four serum samples from 70 patients with acquired toxoplasmosis were tested. The duration of the T. gondii invasion was from one week to over one year. IgA antibodies against P30 (SAG1), a major surface protein of T. gondii, were tested using CLONATEC TOXO A Ab EIA assay. Among 84 sera, the specific IgM antibodies were found in 82 cases (97.6%) but the IgA antibodies were detected in 42 cases (50%), which suggest that they are more time specific. The IgA antibodies start to appear in the sera between 2-4 weeks after invasion, i.e. later than those of IgM, and concomitantly or shortly after IgG. In 65% of cases of very recent infections (less than 4 weeks) IgA antibodies were not detected. The highest values for IgA were found in samples collected 2-3 months after invasion and disappeared between 5-9 months. IgA antibodies were frequently found in patients with high IgG antibody titers (91%), but were not detected when IgG titers were decreasing. There were no IgA antibodies present in the patients one year after invasion, however, in some patients the IgM antibodies were still present (“residual” IgM antibodies). Detection of the IgA specific antibodies is a valuable marker of the acute phase of toxoplasmosis between 4 weeks and 4 months, however, their presence has to be interpreted together with other serological tests examining IgG and IgM.
The results of examination of 1264 patients in Poznań area, Poland by an ELISA test with E/S antigen were retrospectively analysed in order to evaluate the place the absorbance values (OD) may have in the clinical interpretation of toxocarosis. Mean OD values in the screened populations (except children living in a heavily contaminated area) were all below 1.500 and in the hospitalised symptomatic patients - all above 1.750. The level of eosinophilia correlated well with OD values. It is postulated that in population screenings the weakly positive OD values (0.600-1.190) are presented separately, as they usually have no clinical implications. The OD values 1.200-1.790 may occur in mild toxocarosis, whereas the values above 1.800 are common in clinically well expressed toxocarosis. Ocular toxocarosis usually have lower OD values. In conclusion OD values are good markers of clinical expression of toxocarosis and have to be considered together with eosinophilia, IgE antibodies response and observed symptoms and signs in a rational clinical evaluation of the Toxocara infection in human patients.
Among various species of parasitic protozoans which may contaminate drinking water, Toxoplasma gondii is of a special importance due to the high incidence of infections with this parasite noted in animals and humans. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of occurrence of T. gondii in drinking water on farms in the area of the Lublin province (eastern Poland) with respect to health risk among the inhabitants, and to assess the role of water in the transmission of Toxoplasma infections in the rural environment. Studies were conducted on 87 farms located in the Lublin province, 14 of which were classified as possessing a good hygienic state, and 73 as possessing a poor hygienic state. A total number of 114 drinking water samples were taken, 80 samples from shallow household wells with a windlass, 16 from deep wells with a pump, and 18 from the water supply system. In microscopic and PCR examinations of 114 water samples, T. gondii was found in 15 (13.2%) and 31 (27.2%) of samples, respectively. The presence of T. gondii DNA detected by PCR test was found significantly more frequently in water samples from the shallow windlassoperated wells than in those from deep wells (p<0.05) and water supply system (p<0.01). Water samples collected from shallow wells located on farms of poor hygienic state contained significantly more frequently DNA of T. gondii than samples from shallow wells located on farms of good hygienic state (43.1% vs. 13.3%, p<0.05). In 26.3% of water samples, oocysts of other protozoans were found belonging to Isospora, Eimeria, and Cryptosporidium. Serologic examinations for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies conducted among 99 inhabitants of the farms where household wells were used showed 64.6% of seropositive results in IgG class antibodies and 1.0% in IgM class antibodies. Clinical cases of toxoplasmosis were also noted. In the total population examined, a positive correlation was observed between the consumption of unboiled well water and the presence of antibodies against T. gondii (p<0.05), this correlation being especially strong on farms of poor hygienic state enclosing shallow wells (p<0.001). In conclusion, the recorded presence of T. gondii in well water provides an evidence of the potential risk of waterborne infection for humans and animals. Therefore, it seems necessary to implement prophylactic actions on the endangered farms.
Serum samples from 169 water buffaloes and 121 beef cattle were analyzed for antibodies to T. gondii by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Positive results were obtained in 27.2% of water buffaloes and 17.4% of cattle. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences between the prevalence in cattle and buffalo (p ≤ 0.05). The highest titres found in positive animals were 1:256 (buffaloes) and 1:64 (cattle). In both bovine species, toxoplasmosis frequency in young animals (less than 2 years old) was lower compared to older individuals, although the differences seen in cattle were not statistically significant.
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