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The article reviews the main milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) protein, butyrophilin. Butyrophilin is an acidic, transmembrane glycoprotein which reveals the general receptor structure. Its unique location within the cell, the domain structure of the protein and site-specific expression occurring only during lactation indicate that butyrophilin protein is of great importance in milk lipid secretion process.
The study were performed on 4 rams with the „small abomasum” created according to Pavlov’s method. They were fed at 8 o’clock, and the experiments started at 10 o’clock i.e. at the moment of the highest abomasal juice secretion. Before examinations the animals were fitted with an epidural catheter to the external jugular vein. After collection of 3 consecutive 20 min. initial samples of abomasal juice, propranolol at a dose of 1 mg/kg was intravenously injected and the next four samples of juice were collected. In each sample the volume (ml), acid output (mmol) and pepsin output (mA) 20 min.⁻¹ were tested. It was found that in fed sheep β-adrenergic receptors have a stable inhibiting influence on abomasal juice secretion. Removal of this effect by propranolol, of β-adrenergic antagonist, increased the level of secretion of abomasal juice in sheep.
The level of melatonin in plasma was investigated in gilts reared during long summer days (sunrise 430, sunset 2030). Lighting in the animal's rooms was provided by windows and fluorescent lamps, which were automatically turned on at 545 and turned off at 1945. The light intensity during photophase was 500 lux at the level of the animal's eyes. Blood samples were taken from twelve gilts over a 24 hour period and further sampling was continued in six pigs over the following 3 days. The effect of exposure to a 500 lux light during the night on plasma melatonin levels was studied in the remaining six gilts. The concentration of melatonin in the plasma was measured by direct radioimmunoassay employing an R/R/19540-16876 antibody and iodinated tracer. Concentrations of the investigated hormone were low during day and rapidly increased at the onset of night during which the plasma melatonin level remained at an elevated plateau and then declined at the onset of day. The mean concentration of plasma melatonin was about three times higher during the night compared to daytime. Monitoring of the pineal hormone level in blood plasma over four consecutive days indicated regular melatonin rhythms in 5 of the 6 investigated pigs. A 500 lux light (turned on for one night) did not prevent a nocturnal increase in plasma melatonin levels.
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