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The sciatic nerve (SN) originates from the L4–S3 roots in the form of two nerve trunks: the tibial nerve (TN) and the common peroneal nerve (CPN). The TN and CPN are encompassed by a single epineural sheath and eventually separate (divide) in the popliteal fossa. This division of the SN occurs at a variable level above the knee and may account for frequent failures reported with the popliteal block. We studied the level of division of the SN in the popliteal fossa and its relationship to the common epineural sheath of the SN. The level of division of the SN sheath into TN and CPN above the knee was measured in 30 cadaver specimens. The SN was invariably formed of independent trunks (TN and CPN) encompassed in one common epineural sheath. The SN divided at a distance range of 50 to 180 mm above the popliteal fossa crease. The present findings suggest that the TN and CPN leave the common SN sheath at variable distances from the popliteal crease. This finding and the relationship of the TN and CPN sheaths may have significant implications for popliteal nerve block. (Folia Morphol 2009; 68, 4: 256–259)
The postmicrosomal protein fraction obtained from distal stumps of rat sciatic nerves at 0-6 days following transection were investigated by means of one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis. In all experimental groups, total amount of protein was significantly higher than in the control group. Proteins were resolved into 27 bands after SDS-PAGE. Their molecular weights ranged between 16.2 and 335.4 kDa. Eleven fractions displayed significant quantitative differences. After 2-D-electrophoresis, the pI of the proteins ranged from 4.2 to 7.4. They were resolved to 28 molecular masses from 13.5 kDa to 335.4 kDa. The greatest numbers of fractions (90-109) were observed on the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th day after nerve transection. Thus, during first 6 days after transection intensive changes in protein fraction content and composition take place in the distal stump of peripheral nerve. These processes seem to be most prominent on the 4th day after lesion. Results confirm our earlier in vivo findings.
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