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1

Pectic composition, optical properties measured by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy and quality in 'Jonagored' apple

100%
Vanoli M., Zerbini E., Grassi M., Rizzolo A., Forni E., Cabeddu R., Pifferi A., Spinelli L., Torricelli A.
Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research
|
2006
|
tom 14
|
nr Suppl.2
2
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An Autonomous Hydroacoustic System for studying long-term scattering variability

100%
Szczucka J., Groza K., Porazinski K.
Oceanologia
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2002
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tom 44
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nr 1
A new instrument, an Autonomous Hydroacoustic System, was designed to probe a water column acoustically from the bottom to the sea surface. It is capable of operating from a depth of 100 m self sufficiently for up to 10 days. A brief description of its construction and electronic design is provided. Preliminary results from the first field study consisting of a 90-hour series of backscattering measurements are presented.
3
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Inherent optical properties of suspended particulate matter in the Southern Baltic Sea

80%
Wozniak S. B., Meller J., Lednicka B., Zdun A., Ston-Egiert J.
Oceanologia
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2011
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tom 53
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nr 3
The inherent optical properties (IOPs) of suspended particulate matter and their relations with the main biogeochemical characteristics of particles have been examined in the surface waters of the southern Baltic Sea. The empirical data were gathered at over 300 stations in open Baltic Sea waters as well as in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Gdańsk. The measurements included IOPs such as the absorption coefficient of particles, absorption coefficient of phytoplankton, scattering and backscattering coefficients of particles, as well as biogeochemical characteristics of suspended matter such as concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM), particulate organic matter (POM), particulate organic carbon (POC) and chlorophyll a (Chl a). Our data documented the very extensive variability in the study area of particle concentration measures and IOPs (up to two orders of magnitude). Although most of the particle populations encoun- tered were composed primarily of organic matter (av. POM/SPM=ca 0.8), the different particle concentration ratios suggest that the particle composition varied significantly. The relations between the optical properties and biogeochemical parameters of suspended matter were examined. We found significant variability in the constituent-specific IOPs (coefficients of variation (CVs) of at least 30% to 40%, usually more than 50%). Simple best-fit relations between any given IOP versus any constituent concentration parameter also highlighted the significant statistical errors involved. As a result, we conclude that for southern Baltic samples an easy yet precise quantification of particle IOPs in terms of the concentration of only one of the following parameters – SPM, POM, POC or Chl a – is not achievable. Nevertheless, we present a set of best statistical formulas for a rough estimate of certain seawater constituent concentrations based on relatively easily measurable values of seawater IOPs. These equations can be implemented in practice, but their application will inevitably entail effective statistical errors of estimation of the order of 50% or more.
4
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Revisiting the role of oceanic phase function in remote sensing reflectance

80%
Freda W., Piskozub J.
Oceanologia
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2012
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tom 54
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nr 1
The effect of angular structure differences between measured and best-fit analytical phase functions of the equivalent backscattering ratio on calculated reflectance values was studied and shown to be significant. We used a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code to check the effect of choosing different analytical (several Fournier- Forand (1994) and Henyey-Greenstein (1941)) phase functions with backscattering ratios identical to the ‘classical’ average Petzold function. We show that the additional variability of the resulting water leaving radiance is about 7% (4% between the Fournier-Forand functions themselves) for most scenarios. We also show a previously unknown maximum of the discrepancy (up to 10%) for highly scattering waters. We discuss the importance of relative differences in phase function for different angular ranges to this maximum and to the behaviour of the discrepancy as a function of solar zenith angle.
5

Visible light absorption, transmission, and scattering by potato starch granules

80%
Starzyk F., Lii C., Tomasik P.
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
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2001
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tom 10
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nr 4
Absorption, transmission and scattering of visible light by potato starch granules were studied using simultaneously crossed polarised and non- -polarised light or red laser beam microscopy (CLBM). Novel optical phenomena were discovered. In our paper they are called the lens, light guide, internal cross, and hedgehog effects. They contribute to the knowledge about interaction of visible light with internal structure of starch granules. These kind of observation might be useful in estimation of the granular starch quality and influence of physical, chemical, and enzymatic processing on the internal organisation of granules. The method is non-destructive.
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