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The study diagnosed the first case of sarcocystosis in a mallard duck and drake in Poland. Both birds were lean and their anatomopathologic examination indicated a large number of rod-shaped sarcocysts in the pectoral muscles and esophagus. The sarcocysts were similar in shape and size to a grain of rice. Fat degeneration, enlargement and rupture of parasitized muscle fibers were diagnosed following histopathology examination of muscle pieces.
This work presents the results of investigation of cardiac muscle in 137 bisons shot in the Białowieża Forest during breeding selection in the years 1990-1995. The investigation focused upon the occurrence of protozoan Sarcocystis sp. and the lesions caused by it. Macroscopic inspection did not show any lesions characteristic of Sarcocystis sp. Histopathological examination was carried out of sections of the left heart ventricle, the right heart ventricle and interventricular septum. For 137 bisons examined in 117 animals the presence of Sarcocystis sp. in the heart muscle was confirmed, which means 85,4%. Moreover, the cardiac muscle showed inflammatory cell infiltration, hyperemia, degeneration and less frequently necrosis. The animals in which the presence of Sarcocystis was not confirmed belonged to the age group under 1 year. Differences in structure of cysts walls indicate the occurrence of various species of Sarcocystis in bisons.
Sarcocystis calchasi, a protozoan agent responsible for a highly fatal neurologic disease in domestic pigeons, was first described in Germany in 2009. The two-host life cycle of the parasite includes the domestic pigeon (Columba livia f. domestica) as intermediate host and the northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) as final host. Besides being present in the musculature as tissue cysts, a unique feature of this parasite is that it induces a severe granulomatous meningoencephalitis after natural and experimental infection. This parasite can affect large flocks of racing pigeons and induces a severe biphasic disease accompanied by polyuria, diarrhea and subsequent central nervous system signs, such as torticollis, trembling and paralysis. This invasion should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pigeon diseases with neurologic signs, specifically head tilt, torticollis and ataxia.
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