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Saproxylic beetles are essential for the proper functioning of forest ecosystems. However, intensive forest management has led to the disappearance of suitable microhabitats of many species associated with dead wood. Cucujus cinnaberinus is an endangered saproxylic beetle which develops under the bark of dead wood. The species usually occurs in protected areas, however, some populations inhabit long-term managed forests in Central Europe. In this study, we analyzed the effect of nine silviculture-related and decay-related factors on the C. cinnaberinus microhabitat selection in managed forests. We found that potential sun exposure, bark thickness, dead wood moisture and the hardness of dead wood have a significant effect on the C. cinnaberinus microhabitat selection. The species prefers sun-exposed dead wood with thicker bark at an intermediate stage of decay with undecomposed xylem, but avoids completely dry pieces. Furthermore, we found no confirmation of a direct connection between dead wood diameter and the occurrence of C. cinnaberinus. We stressed that logging residues or stumps are mostly unsuitable for C. cinnaberinus development.
The occurrence of Osmoderma eremita (Scopoli, 1763), an endangered species restricted to hollow trees, was studied in a network of rural avenues in northern Poland. We detected 1002 trees with hollows suitable for hermit beetle development (25% of all trees). Among them, 114 (11%) were occupied by O. eremita. The distribution of O. eremita was not random with respect to tree species identity. Tilia cordata and Alnus glutinosa were preferred while Acer platanoides and Carpinus betulus were avoided. The beetle preferred trees about 450 cm in circumference at 1.3 m height with a tendency towards lower occupancies of the biggest trees having circumferences above 500 cm. O. eremita did not show any significant preferences according to hollow entrance area, exposition and road surface type. Contrary to common belief O. eremita did not prefer oaks. Our results show that preservation schemes and choices of prime areas for conservation for hermit beetles have to include stands of trees other than oak.
As a result of faunistic studies conducted in 2000–2014 in eastern Poland 48 species of saproxylic beetles were recorded which represented 28 families. The presence of one species, Xyletinus longitarsis longitarsis JANSSON (Ptinidae), was confirmed for the first time from Poland. New localities for rare species, i.e. Epuraea deubeli REITT. (Nitidulidae), Dasytes subaeneus SCHÖN. (Melyridae), Phloiotrya subtilis REITT. (Melandryidae) and Xylobanellus erythropterus (BAUDI) (Lycidae), are also given.
As a result of the faunistic studies conducted in 2014-2015 in eight promotional forest complexes in Poland, 14 species of saproxylic beetles were recorded, representing 10 families. The presence of new localities for saproxylic beetles, i.e. Evodinellus borealis (Gyll.) (Cerambycidae), Pediacus dermestoides (F.) (Cucujidae), Triplax scutellaris Charp. (Erotylidae), Benibotarus taygetanus (Pic) (Lycidae) and Hallomenus axillaris (Ill.) (Tetratomidae), was also recorded.
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