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The aim of these studies was to analyse the genetic changes induced by natural aging during long-term seed storage of rye. For this purpose, the AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) technique was applied. In the experiment, DNA variation was demonstrated in seven-day-old seedlings of four seed samples of cv. Dankowskie Zlote, showing different levels of viability following long-term storage. Among the 362 AFLP fragments analysed, 73 had significantly different frequencies in at least one of the series. Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCA) based on molecular data revealed differences between the progenies of naturally aged seed samples with variable initial viability. It was clearly shown that materials with low viability differed in structure from highly viable ones, and that the population changes exhibited in the first case are preserved through regenerations. Although changes that were observed for initially viable samples were not so significant, they still occurred - probably as a result of genetic shift.
The heavy metals Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni and Mo were determined in 27 samples of medicinal herbs taken from various places in Bielsko Biała and the neighbouring area. Samples were digested by the wet method in a microwave oven. Flame AAS and differential pulse polarography (anodic and stripping voltammetry) were used for determination of these metals. Oriental tobacco (CTA-ATL-1) as the certified reference material was applied for calibration and validation of analytical procedures.
The concentration of Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn in water, sediments and fish samples from the man-made Zemborzyce Reservoir (Lublin, Poland) were examined in this study. The analytical procedures of metal determination were validated by application of certified reference materials. Moreover, concentration fac­tors for Cd, Pb and Zn in the muscular tissue of fish were estimated and discussed with respect to their content in superficial water. Obtained data suggest that freshwater fish accumulate investigated metals in the consequent order: Zn > Cd > Pb > Cr. It was confirmed that freshwater fish could be used as selective bioindicators of trace metals in freshwater reservoirs.
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